Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary Flashcards
Slovenia appellations
PDO = ZOP (most of production)
PGI = ZGI (not commonly used)
Namizmo = table wine
Slovenia’s 3 big regions
- Primorska (Primorje; borders Friuli)
- Podravje (NE; most plantings)
- Posavje (SE; borders Croatia’s inland)
Primorska subregions
- Goriska Brda (Collio Goriziano)
- Kras (Carso)
- Slovenska Istra
- Vipava Valley
Primorska climate
Mild Mediterranean - similar to Friuli
* Adriatic Sea + Julian Alps
* the rest of Slovenia is generally continental
Movia
Goriska Brda (and Collio)
* Rebula, Chard, SB, PN, Cab
Puro: unfined, unfiltered sparkling Rebula
Goriška Brda
- location
- climate/influences
- soils
- main grapes
Primorska, Slovenia
* contiguous with Collio (Goriziano)
* Brda = hills
* Mild Med - moderated by Adriatic Sea, Julian Alps
* Ponca soils - marl with pockets of sandstone and clay
* Rebula… and Chard, Sauv Blanc, Sivi Pinot (PG), Merlot, PN
Movia, Marjan Simcic
Sivi Pinot
Pinot Grigio
KRAS
- location
- terrain/soils
- wind name
- main grape/producer
Primorska, Slovenia
* contiguous with Carso
* like Friuili: ponca soils, Med climate influenced by Julian Alps + Adriatic Sea
** Bura Wind: cold northeasterly
* Karst Plateau: high rocky limestone outcrop
Main grape = Teran (Refosco)
Edi Kante
Skerj
Wind that affects Primorska
Bura (Bora) - cold northeasterly wind off the Adriatic (particularly Kras)
Teran
Kras name for Refosco
Vipava Valley
Primorska, Slovenia
Slovenia’s largest region for production?
Podravje: NE, 9000ha of ~21kha total
Podravje
NE Slovenia. Largest production growing region. Continental.
95% of production –> white wine
1. Stajerska Slovenija (Syrian Slovenia)
2. Prekmurje
* Laski Rizling (welsch) is most planted.. workhorse. For quality, Gewurz, Riesling, SB, CH
Diseci Traminer
Slovenia for Gewurztraminer
Renski Rizling, Laski Rizling
Slovenia for Riesling and Welschriesling
Slovenian region that borders inland Croatia?
Posavje
Posavje
Borders inland Croatia
* Bizeljsko Sremic: sparkling wine
* Bela Krajin: sweet Rumeni Musckat
* Cviček: tart red/white blend
* continental climate
Štajerska Slovenija
“Styrian Slovenia”, Posavje
* cool continental
* Lazki Rizling (Welsch), Šipon (furmint), SB
Šipon
Slovenia for Furmint
Rumeni Muskat
Rumeni = Muskat
Štajerska Slovenija’s Bela Krajin & Brda Goriska
Croatia’s main mountain range
Dinaric Alps - splits Croatia into western/coastal and eastern/inland areas
Croatia’s main white grapes
- Graševina (Welschriesling): Croatia’s most planted grape
- Malvazija Istarska
- Pošip: from island of Korčula
- Grk: Exclusively found on Korčula, this grape creates high-acid, bone-dry whites
Frankovka
Croatia for Blaufrankisch
Croatia’s main red grapes
- Teran (Refosco): mainly Istria
- Babic
- Plavic Mali (related to Zin)
- Frankovka
regions of Continental Croatia?
Slavonia and the Danube
Croatian Uplands (1/5th of vineyard)
regions of Coastal Croatia
Istria: Malvazija, Teran
Kvarner: sparkling wine
Dalmatia: reds dominate; Plavac Mali, Babić, Posip, Grk
traditional sweet wine of Dalmatia
Prošek
* dried grape wine from Dalmatia, Croatia
* typically.. Bogdanuša, Maraština, and/or Vugava. Some versions are those + Plavac Mali
Mátra
- location
- main grapes
- climate
- soils
Hungary’s 2nd largest PDO (behind Pannon, ahead of Tokaj)
* 70% of production is white.. Szürkebarát (PG), Olaszrizling (Welsch), Hárslevelű
* Kekfrankos, Turan, Pinot
* Temperate continental, protected by Matra Range
* Volcanic soils
Villány
Hungary (Transdanubia)
* southernmost Hungarian region
* Cabernet Franc = flagship variety
BDX’s: Cab Sauv, Franc, Merlot
* sub-Med climate; Ördögkatlan = Devil’s Punchbowl
Szürkebarát
“grey monk”
Hungary; Pinot Gris
Hungary’s biggest lake?
Lake Balaton
(Badascony is by it)
Tokaj rivers
Tisza x Bodrog Rivers
Tokay Classification
1700 or 1730 for 1st demarcation by Prince Rákóczy; legally recognized in 1772
* the 1772 classification is the one used today
*1st, 2nd, 3rd rankings for villages/vineyards
Tokaj climate
Warm, dry continental
* Zemplen Hills (part of Carpathian Mountains) shelter.. most vineyards on S/SE/SW slopes
* warm air from the Great Hungarian Plain
Tokaj soils
volcanics, loess & clay
(from Zemplen Mtns eruptions. Tokaj sits on ~400 extinct volcano)
Tokaj Great First Growths (2)
- what villages?
MÉZES MÁLY (“honey pot”; Tarcal)
SZARVAS (Tarcal)
Tokaj oak
Sessile oak from the Zemplen Hills
* Gönci Barrels: 136L; historically used for fermentation/aging
** Szerednyei barrel: 220L; widely used in the region
Tokaj grapes (6)
Furmint, Hárslevelu
* Sàrgamuskotàly (aka Yellow Muscat, MPG), Zéta, Kabar, Koverszolo = allowed, used in small quantities
Aszú
Botrytised grapes with high sugar content
(OG definition referred to just desiccated grapes but the term evolved)
3 Tokaj producers
- Royal Tokay Company (Hugh Johnson small investor)
- Oremus (Vega Sicilia)
- Disznoko (AXA Millesimes)
- Kiralyudvar (Anthony Huang aka Huet)
- Grand Tokaj (Hungarian state)
Tokaj Renaissance
Producer’s association est 1995
* promotes sweet and dry wines of Tokaj and upholds the classification
Circle of Mad
Tokaj growers organization in the village of Mad
* promotes dry styles
* sets strict quality requirements for participation
Puttony
Traditional wooden basket for carrying/measuring harvested Tokaj grapes
** Holds ~25kg
How is Aszú made
- Aszu must settles/ Free run is collected for Esszencia. After, Aszú is trampled into dough/paste
- Puttony of Aszú paste is mixed with Gönci barrels of non-Aszú base wine.
* Aszú puttony to gönci ratio determines sweetness - Ages in barrel for time pending style
[In regular azsú wines, botrytized grapes are collected in large baskets known as puttony and added to 136-liter barrels of base wine. The number of baskets of sweet grapes added to the base wine give the Tokaji Aszu the Puttonyos rating of either five or six Puttonyos.]
Gönc
Barrel for Tokaj base wine - 136L
Tokaj aging requirements
Aszú: release from January 1 of 3rd year after harvest, includes 18 months in barrel
Szamorodni, Máslás and Fordítás: min 6 months in barrel
Escenzia
- min. RS / Potential ABV
- ABV range
Free run of Aszú must - collected before Aszú is mashed into paste
* min 450gl RS
* 1.2 - 8% ABV
* 1st mention in 1707
[one 375ml bottle contains the juice of 88 lbs / 50k grapes. Compare to a regular 750ml of dry wine.. 2.5 lbs / ~200 grapes]
L of finished Tokaj to KG of grapes - max production?
220L per 100kg of Aszú paste/must
When did the Puttonyos categories get nixed?
2013
Szamorondi
“as it comes” Tokaj - the main style historically. Aszú evolved from this style in response to market expectations
* Aszú and non-Aszú grapes in the same bunch used… as is
* min. 6 months in cask
* édes (sweet - min 45gl) or Száras (dry, 9gl)
Fordítás
Tokaj ripasso? Refementing wine on pressed paste to get out every bit of usefulness
* min 9% ABV/45 gl RS
Máslás
Tokaj base wine refermented with spent lees
* min 45gl RS / 9% ABV
Late harvest Tokaj
Késói Szüret
overripe with possibly some botrytis - min 45gl RS
Min. RS for Tokaj labelled 3, 4 or 5 Puttonyos
120gl RS
Min. RS for Tokaj labelled 6 puttonyos
150 gl RS
Aszú-Esszencia
A stepping stone between 6 puttonyos and esszencia
* typically equivalent to 7 or 8 puttonyos
* min 180 gl RS
*abolished as a category with 2013 update
Bikavér
- regions
- grapes
- Eger: 30 - 50% Kekfrankos, 5 - 50% at least 3 other varieties incl…. Kardaka, Merlot, Cab Sauv, Cab Franc, Kekoporto
- Szekzsárd: min. 45% Kekfrankos, 5% Kadarka. Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Merlot, Kekoporto etc can be blended
aka “Bull’s Blood” rebranded
Nagy Eged Hill
Highest point for Hungarian viticulture @ ~500M - Eger
Southern foothills of Bukk Mountains; peaks at 536M.
Eger’s mountain range
Bükk Mountains
Szekszard
- location
- grapes
- soils
Transdanubia, Hungary
* Kekfrankos, Kadarka stonghold
* testa rossa soils… iron-rich red clay
Pezsgő
Hungarian sparkling wine
(directly translates to Champagne)
Tokaj’s 1st Pezsgő
Királyudvar, 2007
Tokaj villages with 1st class vineyards (4)
Tarcal (14)
Tállya (8)
Tokaj (7)
Mád (6)
Olasz
Hungarian for Italian
3 main Hungarian regions for red wine production?
Eger (5500ha)
Villàny (2450ha)
Szekszàrd (2300ha)
Hungarian Oak forests
Mecsek: S Hungary, surrounds Villány & Skekszard. Quercus Robur, Petrae
Zemplén: best oak; NE in volcanic hills around Tokaj.
What is Szürkebarát? Name a region where this is the most planted grape.
Pinot Gris
Mátras - 2nd largest Hungarian region
What is the flagship variety of Villány?
Cabernet Franc
What is the flagship variety of Szekszárd?
Kadarka
What is the flagship variety of Sopron?
Kékfrankos
