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Continuing Studies > FR: SW, Languedoc-Roussillon, Provence, Southwest > Flashcards

FR: SW, Languedoc-Roussillon, Provence, Southwest Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of name “Provence”?

A

Provincia Nostra = Our Province
Romans

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2
Q

communes of production for Bandol?

A

Bandol
Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer
Sanary-sur-Mer
La Cadière-d’Azur
Le Castellet
Le Beausset
Évenos
Ollioules

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3
Q

Bandol Blanc

A

50 - 95% Clairette
Bourbelenc
Ugni Blanc

Max. 20% combined Marsanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Vermentino and Sémillon - none over 10%

MIN 11.5%/MAX 3 GL

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4
Q

Bandol Rosé varieties

A

20-95% Mourvèdre + Cinsault and Grenache

Max. 20% combined Bourboulenc, Carignan, Clairette, Syrah, and Ugni Blanc (none more than 10%)

max 3gl RS

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5
Q

Max RS for Bandol AC

A

3g/l RS for all styles
Rouge with 14%+ = 4gl RS

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6
Q

Bandol blending grapes

A

white: Boubelenc, Ugni Blanc (principals)
Sauv Blanc, Rolle, Marsanne, Semillon (max 20%)

Rosé: Cinsault, Grenache principal blenders
Bourboulenc, Carignan, Clairette, Syrah, and Ugni Blanc comb. max 20%

Red: Cinsault, Grenache principal blends
max 10% Syrah, Carignan

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7
Q

Bandol Rouge grapes

A

Principal Varieties: 50-95% Mourvèdre + Cinsault / Grenache
Accessories: Carignan, Syrah - 10% max

Max 3gl RS (4gl for 14%+)

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8
Q

Min. ABV for Bandol Rouge? Blanc/Rosé?

A

12% Rouge
11.5% Blanc/Rosé

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9
Q

Aging requirement for Bandol rouge?

A

Min. 18 months in wood, may not be released before May 1 of the second year following the harvest
*Palette also requires 18 months in wood

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10
Q

Bandol soils?

A

Limestone, Sandy Marl, Sandstone

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11
Q

What department is Bandol in?

A

Var

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12
Q

Bandol climate

A

Mediterranean
*3000 sunshine hrs/year. Sunniest place in sunny Provence - protected by a natural ampitheater
*23in rain/yr
*Hot, dry and perfect for Mourvedre

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13
Q

Bandol’s mountains

A
  1. Massif de la Sainte Baume (N) - blocks the Mistral
  2. Mont Caume (E)
  3. Gros Cerveau (S - town of Sanary. “Big Brain”)
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14
Q

Bandol terraces

A

Restanques
“balcony overlooking the sea”
* necessary to make the steep hillsides suitable for vines
* prevent erosion / natural regulation of water

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15
Q

Bandol yields etc?

A

Min. 5000 vines/ha
Max 40hl/ha
“one vine, one bottle” is the unofficial yield

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16
Q

Mourvedre in Bandol

A

Late-ripener - needs a hot, dry climate
*very susceptible to mildew and cold temps
*wood is necessary to soften tannin structure
*reductive tendencies in winemaking - needs oxygen to avoid off smells

Was Provence’s most planted until phylloxera. Wasn’t easy to graft/revive

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17
Q

Bandol’s coop?

A

Moulin de la Roque

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18
Q

Cotes de Provence AOP subzones

A

Sainte-Victoire
Fréjus
La Londe
Pierrefeu (added 2013)
Notre-Dame des Anges (added 2019)

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19
Q

Principal varieties for Cotes de Provence

A

Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre
Cinsault
Tibouren

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20
Q

En Vrac

A

“from a pump”
Cellar door sale when you bring your own container
OR
referring to wine not packaged to be sold as bulk

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21
Q

Coteau d’Aix en Provence AC grapes/styles

A

Vermentino-based blanc
GSMC = principal rosé/red varieties

*all Provence appellations authorize blanc, rosé, rouge

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22
Q

Les Baux-de-Provence AOP

A

Blanc: Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Vermentino + 10 - 30% Roussanne
Rosé/Rouge: min. 50% comb. GSM + C for rosé
*est 1985 - former sub-app of Coteaux d’Aix en Provence
*Dom de la Hauvette, Mas de Gourgonnier
** Dom. de Trevallon labels as Alpilles IGP
Soon to be 100% organic

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23
Q

Palette AC
- white grapes
- rose/red grapes

A

48ha in Provence

Blanc: min. 55% Picardin, Clairette, Clairette Rosé, Bourbelenc

Rosé/Rouge: min. 50% Grenache, Mourvedre (at least 10%) Cinsault

  • max 4gl for W/R; 3gl for red
    *ages 18 months in wood (like Bandol)
    *Chateau Simone owns 1/2 the AC
    *Henri Bonnaud is another must try
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24
Q

Cassis AC

A

Only Provence AC where whites dominate production
*Blanc: Min. 60% combined Marsanne (30 - 80%) + Clairette. Plus Bourboulenc.
* Rosé/Rouge: min. 70% CGM

Limestone soils

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25
Q

Coteaux Varois en Provence AC

A

2285ha - #2 planted Provence AC
Blanc: Vermentino, Grenache Blanc, Clairette

Rosé/Rouge: GSMC

*Dom. de Triennes is here but labels as

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26
Q

Bastide

A

farmhouse

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27
Q

Largest Bandol winery?

A

Chateau Bunan

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28
Q

Domaine de Triennes

A

Jeremy Seysses x Aubert de Villaine
(with Parisian Michel Macaux)
*labels IGP Mediterranee
*located in Coteaux Varois en Provence AC

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29
Q

Bellet AOP

A

Alpes-Maritime dept / Nice
*48ha

*Vermentino-based whites
*min. 60% Braquet + Fuella Negra based reds and rosé

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30
Q

Pierrevert AC

A

Only Provencal AC that allows varietal wine (for rosé and I think possibly red)
*kind of an extension of Luberon AC
Blanc: Grenache, Vermentino
Rosé: GSC - can be varietal
Red: Grenache, Syrah

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31
Q

Provence 1955 Classification
- structure
- name 5

A

Only AOP outside of BDX with classed estates
- never revisited or revised
- originally 25, now 18
- based on history, cellar reputation, winemaking, vyd quality
- unlike BDX, new vyd land cannot carry classification

Club des Crus Classés de Provence est 2000 w “charter of excellence” - 14 of 18 are members

Ch. Minuty
Ch. Ste Marguerite
Ch. de Saint-Martin
Clos Mireille (Dom. Ott)
Ch. de la Selle (Dom. Ott)
Clos Cibonne

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32
Q

Name 5 Grand Cru des Provence

A
  1. Château Minuty (Gassin)
  2. Château Sainte Marguerite (La Londe-les-Maures)
  3. Clos Cibonne (Pradet)
  4. Château de Saint-Martin (Taradeau)
  5. Clos Mireille (La Londe-les-Maures, part of Domaine Ott)
  6. Château de Selle (Taradeau, part of Domaine Ott)
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33
Q

Varietal wines in Provence?

A

Pierrevert Rosé is the only AC/Style that allows it

All Provence AC’s allow blanc, rosé, rouge as styles - nothing else. The rest require at least 2 varieties for all styles

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34
Q

What single event allowed Languedoc-Roussillon to compete with the northern vineyards?

A

Construction of the railways in 19th century

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35
Q

Fitou AOP

A

Fitou Maritime: coastal clay, limestone around saltwater lagoons

Fitou Montagneux: 24km inland; schist. Pyrenees foothills

*rosé, red blends based on Carignan and Grenache (min. 20% each; comb. for 60% total).
** Syrah is preferred blender in the Montagne; Mourvedre in vineyards closer to the sea
*nested within the Corbieres AC

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36
Q

Corbieres AC - styles, principal varieties?

A

Blanc: Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Macabeu, Vermentino

Rosé/Rouge: Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, Syrah; plus Carignan

Blanc/Rosé/Rouge
Min 2 varieties for all styles

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37
Q

Corbieres-Boutenac AC
- grapes, styles
- rules

A

RED ONLY: Min. 70% comb Grenache, Mourvèdre, Carignan. none more than 80%
[Carignan = 30 - 50% encepagement]

Carignan is a defining feature here. Must be hand-harvested.

Hot, dry, 100M. Sandstone, shale soils. Fontfroide hills block southerly winds/oceanic breezes.

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38
Q

Minervois AC - styles, varieties?

A

Blanc: Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Macabeu, Marsanne, Roussanne, and Vermentino

Rosé/Rouge: min. 50% combined Grenache, Mourvèdre, Syrah, Cinsault and Carignan

*blanc, rosé, rouge - min. 2 varieties

Lies north of Corbieres at the foot of the Montagne Noire Massif

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39
Q

Étang

A

lagoon

40
Q

Minervois-La Livinière AC

A

min. 2 varieties - based on Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah

*former sub of Minervois, elevated in 1999. REDS ONLY

41
Q

Cabardès AC

A

Languedoc-Roussillon
[Rhone meets BDX]
Min. 40% combined Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot; min. 40% combined Grenache and Syrah

(Rose, reds)

42
Q

Malepère AC

A

Languedoc-Roussillon
[Rhone meets BDX]
Cab Franc-based rosé
Merlot-based reds

43
Q

Saint-Chinian AC

A

Languedoc
R/R/W - all blends, min 2 varieties
Subzones: Berlou, Roquebrun (reds only)

Whites - GB, Mar, Rous, Verm
Reds - G, S, M, Llad Pel

44
Q

Égrappage

A

de-stemming

45
Q

cepages ameliorateurs

A

“improver varieties”
ex: GSM in Languedoc to make Carignan more appealing

46
Q

Faugères AC

A

White, Rosé, Reds - min. 2 varieties
Roussanne based whites, G/S/M/Car/Cin based reds

47
Q

Limoux AC

A

Blanc: Chard, Mauzac, Chenin (must ferment in oak)
Rouge: Merlot-based, min. 3 varieties

Vin Mousseux Methode Ancestrale: 100% Mauzac

Vin Mousseux Blanquette de Limoux: traditional method - min. 90% Mauzac + Chard, Chenin

48
Q

Limoux Methode Ancestral

A

100% Mauzac
*hand-harvested, no must enrichment
*2 months on lees
*min 3 bars
*no tirage or dosage

49
Q

Blanquette de Limoux

A
  • min. 90% Mauzac + Chenin, Chard
    *traditional method, min. 3.5 bars pressure, hand harvested, 9 months on lees
    *claims to be oldest intentionally sparkling wine in France
50
Q

Cremant de Limoux AC

A

Blanc, Rosé
90% comb. Chardonnay (min. 50%) and Chenin Blanc (10-40%)
plus max. 20% combined Mauzac and Pinot Noir (max. 15%)

Traditional method, 3.5 bars min., 9 months on lees

(counter to 100% Mauzac for PetNat and 90% Mauzac for Blanquette)

51
Q

Languedoc AC subzones elevated to AC status?

A

La Clape (2015)
Terrasses-du-Larzac (2014)

52
Q

Muscat AC’s of the Languedoc

A
  1. Muscat de Frontignan: most planted/common, VDN or VDL (185g/l)
  2. Muscat de Lunel
  3. Muscat Saint-Jean-de-Minervois: highest VDN RS - 125 g/l
  4. Muscat de Mireval

**all 100% MPG
*Lunel, Saint-Jean do Muscat de Noel (bottle by Dec 1)
*all 110g/l RS except VDL and Saint-Jean

53
Q

Rivesaltes Grapes/Styles

A
  • Grenat = 100% Grenache Noir (reductive); age 1 year, bottled by June 30 of 2nd year
  • Ambré, Tuilé, Rosé can be varietal or any combo of:
    Grenache (Noir, Gris, and Blanc), Maccabéo, Tourbat, Muscat of Alexandria, and Muscat à Petits Grains
  • Ambre, Tuile = oxidative styles; age until March 1 of 3rd year after harvest
  • Hors d’Age = Sept 1 of 5th year
  • Rancio
54
Q

Min. must weight for all Rivesaltes styles? Min. RS?
Min. ABV?

A

min 45 g/l RS
min 252 g/l must weight
min 15% ABV (21.5% potential)

4000 vines/ha / 30hl/ha

55
Q

Rivesaltes hors d’age requirement?

A

Tuilé or Ambré styles only
Ages until at least Sept 1 of 5th year after harvest

56
Q

Muscat de Rivesaltes

A

VDN Blanc, VDN Blanc Muscat de Noel
* Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains + Muscat of Alexandria ONLY
* min 100 g/l RS (vs 45 for the rest of Rivesaltes)

57
Q

history of VDN

A

Rivesaltes is the birthplace
*Arnaud de Villeneuve, 13th century physician, created mutage as a means of medicinal elixir-brewing

58
Q

Maury AC - grapes/styles

A

DRY REDS: 60 - 80% Grenache +Carignan, Syrah, Mourvedre

VDN Grenat/Tuilé: varietal or majority Grenache
VDN Blanc/Ambré: Grenache Blanc/Gris, Tourbat, Macabeu
**Grenat/Blanc are reductive/vintage dated
- earliest release May 1 of next year, bottled by June 30 of 2nd year
** Tuile/Ambre are oxidative – age in glass until March 1 of 3rd year

Hors d’Age (Sept 1 of 5th yr)
Rancio
*min. 45g/l RS, minn 15% ABV

59
Q

Southernmost AC in France?

A

Banyuls AOP

60
Q

Maury AC soils?

A

Schist

61
Q

Banyuls Grand Cru - grapes/styles, aging, sugar

A

VDN Rouge + Hors d’Age, Rancio
* Min. 75% Grenache + Grenache Blanc/Gris, Macabeu, MGP, MPA, Tourbat
* min 45 g/l RS
* 30 months in barrel, earliest release June 1 of 3rd year
*hors d’age - Sept 1 of 5th yr

62
Q

Banyuls AC grapes/styles, aging, RS

A

*VDN Blanc (vintage dated): Grenache Blanc/Gris, Macabeu, Tourbat
*VDN Rimage (vintage dated): Grenache w max 10% accessories
^ earliest release May 1 of year after harvest w 3 months in bottle

  • VDN Ambre: Grenache Blanc/Gris, Macabeu, Tourbat
  • VDN Traditionnel: min. 50% Grenache + Grenache Gris
    ^March 1 of 3rd year for release
    Hors d’Age: Sept 1 of yr 5

Min 45 g/l RS/15% ABV for all

63
Q

Banyuls vs Banyuls Grand Cru

A

Grand Cru:
* min 75% Grenache; Rouge only - Hors d’Age / Rancio
* AGING: min 30 months in barrel - earliest release June 1 of 3rd year post harvest

Hors d’Age also Sept 1 of 5th year

RS, ABV, everything else looks similar.
So basically - varietal choice, aging for VDN Rouge

64
Q

Unfortified Banyuls wines?

A

Collioure AOP
White, Rosé, Rouge

65
Q

Main color released as Cote de Roussillon AC?

A

Rosé

66
Q

Cotes du Roussillon Villages AOP

A

REDS only
* the Villages:
Caramany
Latour-de-France
Lesquerde
Tautavel
Les Aspres

  • GSM + Carignan
    All blends
67
Q

What IGP covers the whole of Languedoc-Roussillon?

A

Pays d’Oc IGP

68
Q

La Clape AOP

A

WHITE & RED - blends
* Bourbelenc-based whites, GSM-based reds
* Limestone soils
* elevated from subzone of Languedoc AC in 2015

69
Q

Pic-Saint-Loup AC

A

ROSÉ + ROUGE
* min 2 varieties

Min. 30% Syrah + Grenache, Mourvedre (and then accessories)

70
Q

Terrasses du Larzac AC

A

REDS only - min. 3 varieties, principals must make up 75% of blend
* Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan
* elevated from Langeudoc AC subzone in 2014

71
Q

Grand Roussillon AC

A

VDN Blanc, Rose, Rouge, Rancio

72
Q

Bergerac AC

A

WHITE ROSE RED - blends
White: Sauv Blanc/Gris, Semillon, Muscadelle,
Reds: Cab Sauv/Franc, Cot, Merlot
*Dordogne River runs through
*rosé max 10gl RS

Cotes de Bergerac is this but with higher min. ABV

73
Q

Sweet wines AC’s of Bergerac?

A

Monbazillac AOP
Saussignac AOP
Rosette AOP
Haut-Montravel AOP
Côtes de Montravel AOP

74
Q

Pécharmant AC

A

Bergerac (region)
REDS ONLY - min. 3 varieties
Merlot, Cab Sauv, Cab Franc, Cot

75
Q

Styles & principal varieties for Monbazillac AC?

A

Blanc (min 45g RS) & SGN (min 85g RS)
Principals:
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Sauvignon Gris
- Muscadelle (loves the sandy soils)
- Semillon

*must account for 80% of blend
*may be botrytised, must harvest in tries

(accessories: Chenin, Odenc, Ugni Blanc)

76
Q

Montravel

A

Montravel: 16m from St. Em - on the Dordogne

  1. Montravel AC = dry red blends with some Merlot, dry white blends with some proportion of Sauv Blanc/Gris/Semillon
  2. Haut-Montravel AC = Botrytised, Semillon-based sweet wines. Sauternes-esque
  3. Cotes de Montravel AC = late-harvest sweet wines w min. 30% Semillon
77
Q

Cahors AOP

A

REDS ONLY
Min. 70% Cot + Merlot, Tannat
*along the Lot River (connects to Garonne)
**Only Cab Sauv/Franc-free SW AOP

2 growing areas:
1) Les Causses: limestone plateau; most powerful wines
2) gravelly slopes between plateau and Lot River = fruitier, more approachable wines

78
Q

Synonyms for Malbec in Cahors?

A

Cot
Auxerrois

79
Q

Regions by the Dordogne River

A

Monbazillac
Bergerac

80
Q

Madiran AC - grapes, styles?

A

REDS ONLY
Min. 50% Tannat + plus Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Fer

81
Q

Techniques to tame Madiran’s tannins

A
  1. De-stemming
  2. barrel maturation
  3. gentle pressing - avoid pip tannins
  4. Micro-oxygenation - promotes tannin polymerization
82
Q

Madiran’s River

A

Adour River

83
Q

Madiran soils

A

Limestone-rich clays and silts - product of the Pyrenees, washed down by rivers

84
Q

Alain Brumont

A

Madiran
Chateau Bouscasse, Chateau Montus, Chateau Segondine, La Roche Brumont
*La Tyre = top vineyard
*Hero of Madiran

85
Q

Microbullage vs. Cliquage

A

Patrick Ducurneau, 1991 in Madiran
Purpose: control aeration of wine in tank
Benefits:
- during early fermentation, can build yeast population/help avoid stuck ferments
- mimics barrel maturation. An efficient, cost effective alternative
- stabilizes color
- softens tannin
- moderates green/vegetal character

Cliquage: used for wine aging in barrel - mimics racking with a larger dose of oxygen at once

86
Q

Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOP

A

Madiran’s dry/sweet white wine counterpart
*Principal varieties: Courbu, Petit Courbu, Gros Manseng and Petit Manseng
* min. 4g/l = Sec; min. 45 g/l RS for sweets & must harvest in tries

87
Q

Jurançon AOP - grapes/styles

A

Principals: Gros Manseng (best for dry whites), Petite Manseng (best for sweet passerillage)
Others: Lauzet, Courbu, Petit Courbu, and Camaralet de Lasseube

Blanc Sec: max 4gl RS
Blanc: min. 40gl RS
VT: min 55gl RS

*left bank of the Gave de Pau/Ousse river
* Pyrenees foothills

88
Q

Poudingue de Jurançon

A

pebbly limestone mix often showing as a stony clay topsoil

89
Q

foehn

A

a dry wind that blows down from the upper slopes of mountainous regions

90
Q

Les Jardins des Babylon

A

Louis-Benjamin/Didier Dageneau
Jurancon

91
Q

Irouléguy AOP

A

WHITE/ROSÉ/RED
* Whites: Courbu, Petit Courbu, Gros Manseng, Petit Manseng
* Rosé/Red: Cab Franc and/or Tannat-based reds. Rosé + Cab Sauv
*Basque Country’s answer to Madiran

92
Q

Gauillac AC

A

Est. by Gauls in 1st cent BC
* WHITES: Mauzac, Muscadelle, and Len de l’El
* ROSÉ/RED: Duras, Fer, Syrah, and Prunelard
*Rouge premier = 100% Gamay
* Blanc Doux/Vin Mousseux/Methode Ancestral

Methode Ancestral = Mauzac, Mauzac Noire. Starts in tank (variant of proper pet nat)

93
Q

Marcillac AOP

A

min. 90% Fer

94
Q

Fronton AOP

A

Negrette-based red/rosé

95
Q

Les Fenouillédes

A

“country of hay”
* Upper Agly Valley - an unofficial subzone that takes in part of Maury and Cote-de-Roussillon villages Caramany, Lesquerde, Latour de France
* hot dry, Tramontane-influenced
* Carignan and Grenache territory on schist, granite, limestone - clay soils

Had an IGP named for the area but it became Cotes Catalanes

**Mas Amiel is the big producer here (known for Maury VDN)

96
Q
A

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