ES: Atlantic Spain + Islands Flashcards
5 DO of Galicia
Monterrei DO (W/R)
Rías Baixas DO (W/R/Sp)
Ribeira Sacra DO (W/R/R)
Ribeiro DO (W/R/Sp/Tostado)
Valdeorras DO (W/R/Sp/Tostado)
Rias Baixas name
Low estuaries
Val do Salnes name
Latin “Teritorium Salinense” = Salnés in Galego
Sal = Salt
Rias Baixas subzones
Ribeira do Ulla
Val do Salnés
Soutomaior**cannot label
Condado do Tea
O Rosal
(N —> S)
Val do Salnés
- important river/town
- soils
- varietal stipulations
- producers
Rias Baixas’ largest subzone by plantings/production. 113/178 wineries are here.
* coolest, wettest
* ~50% of region plantings
* follows the Umia River
* “Capital of Albarino” Cambados is here
* granite + alluvial topsoils
Min. 70% Albarino, Treixadura, Loureiro, Caiño Blanco
Do Ferreiro, Martin Codax, Granbazan, Pazo de Senorans, Zarate, Forjas de Salnés
Rias Baixas subzones bordering Portugal
Condado do Tea
O Rosal
(Miño River)
Coolest, wettest Rias Baixas subzone? Warmest, driest?
Coolest = Val do Salnes
Warmest = Condado do Tea
name for traditional small vineyard plots in Rias Baixas/Galicia
Minifundia
Traditional Rias Baixas vine training & benefits
Parral: a pergola system with vines trained up granite posts, coupled with wide spacing - working with the wet/humid climate
* canopy shelters from region’s marginal weather
* greater airflow to combat mildew/rot
* leaf surface is maximized to aid photosynthesis and ripening
* sunburn protection
* space for other crops below
Rias Baixas white grapes
RECOMMENDED:
Albariño = 96% of vineyard
Loureira
Treixadura
Caiño Blanco
AUTHORIZED: Torrontes, Godello
Varietal rules for Rias Baixas subzones
Ulla/Salnes = min 70% recco’d
Rosal = min 70% Albarino/Loureira
Condado do Tea = min. 70% Albarino/Treixadura
*** Soutomaior cannot label
[RECOMMENDED:
Albariño, Loureira, Treixadura, Caiño Blanco
AUTHORIZED: Torrontes, Godello]
Rias Baixas red grapes
- 4 recommended
- 2 authorized
Recommended:
1. Caiño Tinto
2. Espadeiro
3. Loureira Tinta
4. Sousón
Authorized:
5. Mencía
6. Brancellao
% of Albariño for varietal label?
100%
Rias Baixas climate
- in of rain
- avg sunshine hours
Maritime with abundant rainfall
* Atlantic Ocean is a continual source of cool, moist air and rainfall
* rainfall ~63in to 75in/yr, pending subzone
*avg ~2200 sunshine hours
Rias Baixas soils
Granite, schist, coarse-grained sandy soils
Xabre (SHAH bray): weathered granite
* very well-draining (key to wet climate), low nutrient (limits vigor)
* O Rosal, Condado do Tea = more schist, slate
* Salnes = more alluvial near rivers
* Ulla = more clay in the Xabre
Vino Tostado
Ribeiro, Valdeorras DO’s
“Dried Grape Wine” - red or white
* dries min. 3 months to min. 350gl must weight
* min 120gl RS
* fermented/aged in oak or cherry wood for min. 6 months + min. 3 months in bottle
(these stips are for Ribeiro. Valdeorras is Godello + auth reds, no word on RS)
Ribeiro DO’s 3 rivers
Miño River
Avia River
Anoia River
Condado do Tea is continuous with what DO
Ribeiro DO
Ribeiro DO climate
Cool Maritime with continental influence
* slightly warmer summers, colder winters than Rias Baixas. Frost can be a threat (2017)
* elevation too.. 300 - 500M
Ribeiro DO styles + grapes
90% dedicated to white
WHITES: Treixadura, Torrontés, Godello, Lado, Loureira, Albariño, Caiño Blanco
REDS: Caiño Tinto, Ferrón, Sousón, Brancellao, Mencía
White/Red/Vino Tostado
2 major rivers of Ribeira Sacra
Miño River
Sil River
most important subzone of Ribeira Sacra?
Amandi
* north bank of River Sil
* Continental with Atlantic influence
* SOILS: Ollo de Sapo (gneiss), slate, quartzite
In the context of Ribeira Sacra, with is Ollo de Sapo?
Gneiss
Ribeira Sacra subzones
Chantada (Miño rb)
Ribeiras do Miño
Amandi (Sil; most important)
Ribeiras do Sil
Quiroga-Bibei (Sil)
Ribeira Sacra climate
Mediterranean + Continental
*warm summers, mild winter. 4 seasons
*most rain in winter/spring, avg 31.5in/yr
Ribeira Sacra soils
Generally, schist granite & slate
Ribeira Sacra Tinto - min. % Mencia?
min 70% Mencia
Ribeira Sacra Summum
Summum = min 85% principal varieties
* red, white, rosé
Principal white grapes in Ribeira Sacra DO (6)
Albariño, Godello
Treixadura, Loureira, Torrontés
Dona Branca
Principal red grapes in Ribeira Sacra DO (5)
1) Mencía
2) Merenzao (Bastardo/Trousseau)
3) Brancellao
4) Sousón (Vinhao)
5) Caiño Tinto
Most planted grape in Ribeira Sacra?
Mencia
Valdeorras climate
further inland = continental with Atlantic influence
*this is the furthest east of Galicia
* less humid, drier hotter summers
Varietally labelled wines in Valdeorras DO
Mencia (min. 85%)
Godello (100%)
Monterrei DO
- WHITES: Dona Blanca, Treixadura, Godello
- REDS: Mencia, Bastardo
*Tamèga River - continental with Atlantic influence
Jose Luis Mateo’s Quinta da Muradella is best known internationally (out of 27 wineries)
Spanish name for Basque Country
Pais Vasco
Txakoli/Chacolí DO’s
“farm wine”
1. Bizkaiko Txakolina: leading producers, loosest regs, varietal diversity
2. Getariako Txakolina: 1st, most traditional
^humid, Bay of Biscay-influenced.. sandy soils, lower elevation
3. Arabako Txakolina: newest, smallest, most inland
- Hondarrabi Zuri = most planted
- all do W/R/R, barrel fermented white, sparkling, VT
Pais Vasco climate
all the Txakoli places…
MARITIME
* avg 47.6in rain/yr in Bilbao
* avg 1590 sunshine hrs/yr
Canary Sack
British nickname for the sweet, fortified Malvasia the Canary Islands
Canary Islands latitude?
28° N
*elevation makes viticulture possible
What single DO covers the entirety of the Canary Islands?
Islas Canarias DO
Most planted red and white on Canary Islands?
Listan Blanco aka Palamino
Listan Negro
In the Canary Islands, the variety referred to simply as “Malvasia” is which type of Malvasia?
Malvasia di Lipari
(same as the island DOC off the Sicilian coast)
Canary Islands’ Tintilla
Trousseau
Bastardo
Canary Islands’ Negramoll
Tinta Negra
Native to Andalusia
Largest Canary Island?
Tenerife
Term for the tiny family-owned plots of vines that populate the Canary Islands?
Suertes
Where is the Tacorente-Acentejo DO? What grapes/styles are favored for production?
On the island of Tenerife
Reds - particularly Negramoll and Listan Negro
Trenzado
historic trellising system
*involves braiding vines for a few meters and raising the cordons off the ground with sticks
*when dormant, can be moved to the side to make room for other crops
significant to the Valle de la Orotava DO on the island of Tenerife
Europe’s highest elevation vineyards? How high?
Abona DO on Tenerife
* Vineyards scale beyond 1600M
* Spain’s highest peak is here - Mount Teide (3718M)
easternmost Canary Island DO?
Lanzarote DO
Most planted grape in the Lanzarote DO?
Malvasia, covering about 75% of vineyard plantings
What events shaped Lanzarote landscape?
A series of volcanic eruptions from 1700 to 1736. Prior, Lanzarote resembled the rest of the Canary Islands.
The eruptions blanketed the island with thick black lava & ash and destroyed the main crops (wheat). Grapes and pockets of fig and palm trees are the only things that can weather the landscape.
Unique Lanzarote vineyard things
Abrigos, Zocos - the semi-circular pile of stone around the…
Hoyos: deep pits to let vines reach sufficient moisture to grow. 1 or 2 vines per hoyos. They also shelter from fierce hot/humid wind
* only about 300 vines/ha with these
Zanjas are linear trenches protected by mounds of stone - more common in modern vineyards
Name for Lanzarote soils
Picon/Lapilli: Medium sized rocks formed from solidified lava. A layer of this covers the topsoil, facilitating quick drainage of rainwater
Ceniza: sandy ash/lava soils
** the product of eruptions that took place from 1730 to 1736 that completely changed the landscape of the island
*** Ceniza is a general term for volcanic ash, not specific or traditional to Lanzarote
2 Balearic Island DOs?
Both on Mallorca…
1. Pla i Llevant DO
*larger area, less plantings, more international varieties
- Binissalem DO (1991)
*Hereus de Ribas = oldest winery on island, 1711
*Manto Negro & Moll aka Prensal Blanc
Tenerife’s oldest and largest DO?
Tacoronte-Acentejo DO
Txakoli recommended grapes
Recommended: Ondurabbi Zuri, Ondurabbi Beltza
Auth: Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia (Petit Courbu), Izkiriota (Gros Manseng), Riesling, Chardonnay
Heroic Viticulture seal
CERVIM (Center for Research, Environmental Sustainability and Advancement of Mountain Viticulture)
- slopes of at least 30%
- terraced vineyards
- 500M+
Ribeira Sacra, Valle d’Aosta, Lavaux, Pantelleria, Tenerife, Veneto, Alto Adige, Cote Rotie
