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Medical Assisting > Urine Collection > Flashcards

Urine Collection Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the role of a MA during urine collection?

A
  • obtain and process a specimen
  • follow chain of custody procedures
  • identify normal and abnormal results
  • reasons for collecting urine and fecal samples
  • instruct or assist patient in collection of a specimen
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2
Q

What should MAs tell patients for a urine collection?

A
  • do not discard preservative in containers
  • refrigerate the collection container
  • keep lid on the container
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3
Q

What is in the physical examination of urine?

A
  • check label
  • check for visible contamination
  • check for odor
  • check time since collection
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4
Q

What should the proper color of urine be?

A

pale yellow to dark amber

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5
Q

What is the proper concentration of urine?

A

pale color = diluted
dark color = concentrated

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6
Q

What is the normal turbidity of urine?

A

clear, slightly cloudy, cloudy, very cloudy
- swirl to reveal settlements

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7
Q

What is reagent strip testing?

A
  • color changes = presence of a substance and its concentration
  • tests for ketones, nitrite, pH, blood, bilirubin, glucose, specific gravity, protein, leukocytes
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8
Q

What are the rules for reagent strips?

A
  • keep bottle tightly closed
  • remove strip just prior to use
  • do not touch pads
  • check for discoloration and expiration date
  • date new bottles and discard after 6 months
  • follow reading guidelines for time
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9
Q

What are the components of chemical analysis?

A
  • glucose: read test at 30 seconds
  • protein: very small amounts
  • specific gravity: normal: 1.005-1.030
  • blood
  • bilirubin: breakdown of hemoglobin
  • ketones
  • pH
  • urobilinogen: liver dysfunction
  • nitrites
  • leukocytes: read last at 120 seconds
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10
Q

What is glycouria?

A

increased glucose in the urine (diabetes indicator)

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11
Q

What is proteinuria?

A

excess protein in the urine (kidney issue indicator)

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12
Q

What is hematuria? What does it indicate?

A
  • blood present in urine
  • UTI
  • Cancer
  • nephritis
  • urolithiasis
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13
Q

What does bilirubin indicate?

A

early signs of liver disease

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14
Q

What are ketones?

A

products of fat and protein metabolism in the body
- there should be none in urine

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15
Q

What do ketones in urine indicate?

A
  • patient following a low carbohydrate diet
  • starvation
  • excessive vomiting
  • diabetes mellitus
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16
Q

what is normal pH of urine?

A

4.5-8.0
- average = 6.0

17
Q

What do nitrites in the urine indicate?

A

bacterial UTI

18
Q

What do leukocytes in the urine indicate?

A

inflammation or UTI

19
Q

What does centrifuge do?

A
  • spins urine (heavier substances settle to the bottom)
20
Q

What can be seen in microscopic examination of urine?

A
  • cells
  • casts
  • crystals
  • yeast cells
  • bacteria
  • parasites
21
Q

What is the random urine specimen?

A
  • taken at any time of the day
  • no requirements
  • for screening
  • most common
22
Q

What is first morning specimen?

A
  • after night’s sleep
  • contains greater concentration of substances
  • good for hCG testing
  • tell patient to refrigerate sample until delivered to office
23
Q

What is the clean-catch midterm specimen?

A
  • collected when reagent strip testing has abnormalities (leukocytes or when UTI is suspected)
  • specimen is cultured to identify the number and the types of pathogens present
  • special cleansing of the external genitalia to avoid contamination of bacteria
24
Q

What is the patient education specimen?

A
  • perform cleaning using moist wipes
  • patient to void small amount of urine into the toilet
  • only catch the midstream portion
  • urinate the rest into the toilet
25
Q

What is the 24 hour specimen?

A
  • used to diagnose proteinuria, hypercalciuria, creatinine clearance, urinary output
26
Q

What are the instructions for 24 hour specimen test?

A
  • discard first morning specimen on first day
  • collect all urine for the 24 hour period
  • include next morning urine
  • don’t mix with toilet paper or stool
  • keep refrigerated until returning
27
Q

What is the catheterized urine test?

A
  • catheter inserted into the bladder
  • not routine procedure due to risk of infection
  • not in MA scope of practice
  • sterile procedure needed

Medical Assisting (38 decks)

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