Blood

Question 1

What is the ratio of blood to body weight in an adult?

Answer 1

4-6 liters per 8% of body weight

Question 2

What are the essential functions of blood?

Answer 2

• carries oxygen and nutrients
• removes carbon dioxide and wastes
• regulation of body temperature

Question 3

What are erythrocytes?

Answer 3

red blood cells

Question 4

What are some characteristics of RBC?

Answer 4

• small biconcave-shaped cells
• small enough to pass through capillaries
• only live for 120 days

Question 5

Where are RBCs made?

Answer 5

red bone marrow

Question 6

What is erythropoietin?

Answer 6

hormone that stimulates cells in the bone marrow to increase production of RBC

Question 7

How many RBC/mL exist?

Answer 7

4 million to 6.5 million RBC/mL

Question 8

What is anemia?

Answer 8

low RBC count

Question 9

What is polycythemia?

Answer 9

increase in RBC
- causes blood to be thicker and more dense

Question 10

What is hematocrit?

Answer 10

packed red cell volume found in a sample of blood
- 45%

Question 11

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 11

carries oxygen to the body

Question 12

What are neutrophils? What is the percentage?

Answer 12

55%
- a type of WBC elevated in bacterial infections

Question 13

What are eosinophils? What is the percentage?

Answer 13

3%
- a type of WBC elevated in asthma, allergic reactions, and parasite infections

Question 14

What are basophils? What is the percentage?

Answer 14

< 1%
- a type of WBC that releases histamine and heparin to promote inflammation

Question 15

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 15

important for making antibodies
- increases in viral infections
- T cells
- B cells

Question 16

What are monocytes?

Answer 16

destroys germs (viruses, bacteria, fungi)
- eliminated infected cells
- largest

Question 17

What is a normal WBC?

Answer 17

5k to 10k

Question 18

What is another name for platelets?

Answer 18

thrombocytes

Question 19

What is the purpose of thrombocytes?

Answer 19

clotting

Question 20

What is the normal count for platelets?

Answer 20

130k to 360k per cubic millimeter of blood

Question 21

What is thrombocytosis?

Answer 21

high platelet levels

Question 22

What is thrombocytopenia?

Answer 22

low platelet levels

Question 23

What is plasma after centrifugation?

Answer 23

serum

Question 24

What is the largest portion of our blood?

Answer 24

plasma
- 55%

Question 25

What is plasma?

Answer 25

light yellow liquid when separated from other components

Question 26

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 26

- carries water, nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the body - used to remove waste from the body

Question 27

What is hemostasis?

Answer 27

control of bleeding, stopping of a flow of blood

Question 28

What is coagulation?

Answer 28

formation of a blood clot

Question 29

What is thrombus?

Answer 29

stationary clot

Question 30

What is embolus?

Answer 30

traveling clot

Question 31

What is polycythemia vera?

Answer 31

disease of the bone marrow that results in an abnormally high number of blood cells (usually RBCs) causing the blood to thicken

Question 32

What is thalassemia?

Answer 32

inherited form of anemia - defective hemoglobin chain causes, small, pale, and short-lived RBCs

Question 33

What is leukemia?

Answer 33

bone marrow produces a large number of abnormal WBCs

Question 34

What is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 34

RBCs change to a sickle shape and can't carry oxygen - genetic - more common in African-Americans

Question 35

What is leukocytosis?

Answer 35

high WBC count

Question 36

What is leukopenia?

Answer 36

low WBC count

Question 37

What blood can type A people receive?

Answer 37

A and O

Question 38

What blood can type B people receive?

Answer 38

B and O

Question 39

What blood can type AB people receive?

Answer 39

A, B, AB, and O - universal recipient

Question 40

What blood can type O people receive?

Answer 40

O only - universal donor

Question 41

What is Rh factor?

Answer 41

inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells

Question 42

What does Rh positive mean?

Answer 42

blood has protein

Question 43

What does Rh negative mean?

Answer 43

blood has no protein

Question 44

What is the common Rh factor?

Answer 44

Rh positive

Question 45

What happens when the 1st transfusion is unmatched?

Answer 45

antibodies develop

Question 46

What happens when the 2nd transfusion is unmatched?

Answer 46

agglutination occurs

Question 47

What is erythroblastosis fetalis?

Answer 47

mother developed antibodies to the Rh antigen in prior pregnancy