Blood Flashcards
What is the ratio of blood to body weight in an adult?
4-6 liters per 8% of body weight
What are the essential functions of blood?
- carries oxygen and nutrients
- removes carbon dioxide and wastes
- regulation of body temperature
What are erythrocytes?
red blood cells
What are some characteristics of RBC?
- small biconcave-shaped cells
- small enough to pass through capillaries
- only live for 120 days
Where are RBCs made?
red bone marrow
What is erythropoietin?
hormone that stimulates cells in the bone marrow to increase production of RBC
How many RBC/mL exist?
4 million to 6.5 million RBC/mL
What is anemia?
low RBC count
What is polycythemia?
increase in RBC
- causes blood to be thicker and more dense
What is hematocrit?
packed red cell volume found in a sample of blood
- 45%
What is hemoglobin?
carries oxygen to the body
What are neutrophils? What is the percentage?
55%
- a type of WBC elevated in bacterial infections
What are eosinophils? What is the percentage?
3%
- a type of WBC elevated in asthma, allergic reactions, and parasite infections
What are basophils? What is the percentage?
< 1%
- a type of WBC that releases histamine and heparin to promote inflammation
What are lymphocytes?
important for making antibodies
- increases in viral infections
- T cells
- B cells
What are monocytes?
destroys germs (viruses, bacteria, fungi)
- eliminated infected cells
- largest
What is a normal WBC?
5k to 10k
What is another name for platelets?
thrombocytes
What is the purpose of thrombocytes?
clotting
What is the normal count for platelets?
130k to 360k per cubic millimeter of blood
What is thrombocytosis?
high platelet levels
What is thrombocytopenia?
low platelet levels
What is plasma after centrifugation?
serum
What is the largest portion of our blood?
plasma
- 55%
What is plasma?
light yellow liquid when separated from other components
What is the function of plasma?
- carries water, nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the body
- used to remove waste from the body
What is hemostasis?
control of bleeding, stopping of a flow of blood
What is coagulation?
formation of a blood clot
What is thrombus?
stationary clot
What is embolus?
traveling clot
What is polycythemia vera?
disease of the bone marrow that results in an abnormally high number of blood cells (usually RBCs) causing the blood to thicken
What is thalassemia?
inherited form of anemia
- defective hemoglobin chain causes, small, pale, and short-lived RBCs
What is leukemia?
bone marrow produces a large number of abnormal WBCs
What is sickle cell anemia?
RBCs change to a sickle shape and can’t carry oxygen
- genetic
- more common in African-Americans
What is leukocytosis?
high WBC count
What is leukopenia?
low WBC count
What blood can type A people receive?
A and O
What blood can type B people receive?
B and O
What blood can type AB people receive?
A, B, AB, and O
- universal recipient
What blood can type O people receive?
O only
- universal donor
What is Rh factor?
inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells
What does Rh positive mean?
blood has protein
What does Rh negative mean?
blood has no protein
What is the common Rh factor?
Rh positive
What happens when the 1st transfusion is unmatched?
antibodies develop
What happens when the 2nd transfusion is unmatched?
agglutination occurs
What is erythroblastosis fetalis?
mother developed antibodies to the Rh antigen in prior pregnancy
