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Medical Assisting > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the ratio of blood to body weight in an adult?

A

4-6 liters per 8% of body weight

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2
Q

What are the essential functions of blood?

A
  • carries oxygen and nutrients
  • removes carbon dioxide and wastes
  • regulation of body temperature
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3
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

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4
Q

What are some characteristics of RBC?

A
  • small biconcave-shaped cells
  • small enough to pass through capillaries
  • only live for 120 days
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5
Q

Where are RBCs made?

A

red bone marrow

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6
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

hormone that stimulates cells in the bone marrow to increase production of RBC

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7
Q

How many RBC/mL exist?

A

4 million to 6.5 million RBC/mL

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8
Q

What is anemia?

A

low RBC count

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9
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

increase in RBC
- causes blood to be thicker and more dense

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10
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

packed red cell volume found in a sample of blood
- 45%

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11
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

carries oxygen to the body

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12
Q

What are neutrophils? What is the percentage?

A

55%
- a type of WBC elevated in bacterial infections

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13
Q

What are eosinophils? What is the percentage?

A

3%
- a type of WBC elevated in asthma, allergic reactions, and parasite infections

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14
Q

What are basophils? What is the percentage?

A

< 1%
- a type of WBC that releases histamine and heparin to promote inflammation

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15
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

important for making antibodies
- increases in viral infections
- T cells
- B cells

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16
Q

What are monocytes?

A

destroys germs (viruses, bacteria, fungi)
- eliminated infected cells
- largest

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17
Q

What is a normal WBC?

A

5k to 10k

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18
Q

What is another name for platelets?

A

thrombocytes

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19
Q

What is the purpose of thrombocytes?

A

clotting

20
Q

What is the normal count for platelets?

A

130k to 360k per cubic millimeter of blood

21
Q

What is thrombocytosis?

A

high platelet levels

22
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

low platelet levels

23
Q

What is plasma after centrifugation?

A

serum

24
Q

What is the largest portion of our blood?

A

plasma
- 55%

25
Q

What is plasma?

A

light yellow liquid when separated from other components

26
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A
  • carries water, nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the body
  • used to remove waste from the body
27
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

control of bleeding, stopping of a flow of blood

28
Q

What is coagulation?

A

formation of a blood clot

29
Q

What is thrombus?

A

stationary clot

30
Q

What is embolus?

A

traveling clot

31
Q

What is polycythemia vera?

A

disease of the bone marrow that results in an abnormally high number of blood cells (usually RBCs) causing the blood to thicken

32
Q

What is thalassemia?

A

inherited form of anemia
- defective hemoglobin chain causes, small, pale, and short-lived RBCs

33
Q

What is leukemia?

A

bone marrow produces a large number of abnormal WBCs

34
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

RBCs change to a sickle shape and can’t carry oxygen
- genetic
- more common in African-Americans

35
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

high WBC count

36
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

low WBC count

37
Q

What blood can type A people receive?

A

A and O

38
Q

What blood can type B people receive?

A

B and O

39
Q

What blood can type AB people receive?

A

A, B, AB, and O
- universal recipient

40
Q

What blood can type O people receive?

A

O only
- universal donor

41
Q

What is Rh factor?

A

inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells

42
Q

What does Rh positive mean?

A

blood has protein

43
Q

What does Rh negative mean?

A

blood has no protein

44
Q

What is the common Rh factor?

A

Rh positive

45
Q

What happens when the 1st transfusion is unmatched?

A

antibodies develop

46
Q

What happens when the 2nd transfusion is unmatched?

A

agglutination occurs

47
Q

What is erythroblastosis fetalis?

A

mother developed antibodies to the Rh antigen in prior pregnancy

Medical Assisting (38 decks)

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