Skeletal and Muscular Systems Flashcards
Where are blood cells created? What’s the process called?
red bone marrow
- hematopoiesis
What is the function of bones?
- provides structure and support
- give shape to body parts
- protects soft body structures
- functions in body movement
- attachment points for muscles
- stores calcium
How many bones make up the adult human skeleton?
206 bones
What is the axial skeleton made of? How many bones?
skull, vertebrae, ribs
- 80 bones
What is part of the appendicular skeleton? How many bones?”
arms, legs, pelvic girdle
- 126 bones
What are ligaments?
attaches bone to bone for joint stability
What is epiphysis?
end part of a long bone
What is diaphysis?
shaft or central part of a long bone
What is medullary cavity?
hollow part of bone that contains bone marrroww
What are examples of long bones?
- femur
- humerus
- tibia
- fibula
- ulna
- radius
What are short bones? Where are they found? Examples?
typically small and round
- wrists and ankles
- carpals, tarsals
What are flat bones? Where are they found?
- surface area is flat/curved
- skull and ribs
What are irregular bones? Where are they found?
- shape related to function
- vertebrae, pelvis
What are the 2 bones types in the skull?
cranial and facial
What are examples of facial bones?
- mandible: lower jaw
- maxilla: upper jaw
- zygomatic: cheekbone
What are the bones in the spinal column?
- cervical vertebrae: neck
- thoracic vertebrae: chest
- lumbar vertebrae: low back
- sacrum
- coccyx: tailbone
What is part of the rib cage?
- sternum: breastplate
- ribs: attached to sternum
What is part of the shoulders?
- clavicles: collar bones
- scapulae: shoulder blade
What is part of the arm bones?
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
What is part of the hand?
- carpals
- metacarpals
- phalanges
What is part of the bones of the leg?
- femur
- patella
- tibia
- fibula
What is part of the hip and pelvis?
- ilium
- sacrum
- ischium
- pubis
- coccyx
What are the bones of the foot?
- tarsals
- metatarsals
- phalanges
What are muscles responsible for? Give an example for voluntary and involuntary?
movement
- voluntary: walking
- involuntary: digestion
What do the skeleton and muscles do together?
provides posture, movement, and other body functions
How many individual muscles are in the body?
600
What is skeletal muscle responsible for?
voluntary body movement
What is the main characteristic of skeletal muscle?
striated
Where is smooth muscle found?
within the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and iris of the eyes
What muscles provide involuntary movement?
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
What is cardiac muscle found?
only in the heart
What is cardiac muscle for?
helps to pump blood
What is a tendon?
attaches muscles to bones
Where is tendon located?
located at the ends of skeletal muscle
What is osteoarthritis?
degenerative joint disease
- joint stiffness and pain
“wear and tear”
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
autoimmune disease
- chronic systemic inflammatory disease
- visible joint deformity
What is bursitis?
joint pain and swelling
What is ewing sarcoma?
tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue
- affects age 10-20 years old
What is gout?
arthritis due to uric acid crystals in joints
What is osteogenesis?
brittle bone disease
- hereditary
What is osteoporosis?
disease of elderly, causes fractures of the spine and loss of height
What is osteosarcoma?
bone cancer that develops in the cells (osteoblasts) that form bone
- mostly in children, adolescents, and young adults
What is kyphosis?
hunchback
What is lordosis?
swayback
What is scoliosis?
s-shaped curvature of the spine
What is tendonitis?
sports related, pain in joints
What is myasthenia gravis?
autoimmune disorder
- double vision
- muscle weakness
- difficulty chewing and breathing
What does it mean to be an autoimmune disorder?
antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscles
What is tetanus?
muscle spasms in jaw and neck caused by the toxin
- can cause death
What is Paget’s disease?
bones enlarge, become deformed, weak
What is fibromyalgia?
chronic body pain
What is muscular dystrophy?
inherited disorder
- muscles do not develop properly
What is atrophy?
condition where muscles shrink due to lack of nervous stimulation or use
