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Medical Assisting > Intro to Pharmacology > Flashcards

Intro to Pharmacology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

study of medications
- how they act on the body their classifications and properties

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2
Q

What are the main sources of drugs/

A
  • plants
  • animals (hormones)
  • minerals
  • bacteria and fungi
  • synthetic
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3
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

study of how medications move through the body

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4
Q

What is absorption?

A
  • body converts medication into a form the body can use
  • moves medications into the bloodstream
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5
Q

How are oral medications absorbed?

A

in the stomach or intestines

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6
Q

How are IV and injectable medications absorbed?

A

it goes directly into bloodstream

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7
Q

What is distribution?

A

transportation of medication throughout the body

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8
Q

What are barriers to distribution?

A

blood-brain barrier protects brain from dangerous chemicals

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9
Q

What is metabolism?

A

changes active forms into metabolites for excretion

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10
Q

What is the primary organ of metabolism?

A

liver

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11
Q

What is excretion?

A

removal of medications from the body

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12
Q

What is the primary organ for excretion?

A

kidneys

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13
Q

What are the 4 parts of pharmacokinetics?

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

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14
Q

What is acute therapy?

A

improve life-threatening or serious condition
- nitroglycerin

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15
Q

What is maintenance therapy?

A

drug prescribed to maintain a condition of health
- cholesterol lowering drugs

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16
Q

What is palliative therapy?

A

prescribed to reduce the severity of a condition or its accompanying pain
- doesn’t treat or cute the disease

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17
Q

What is prophylactic therapy?

A

prescribed to prevent a disease or condition
- antibiotics before surgery

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18
Q

What is replacement therapy?

A

prescribed to provide chemicals missing in a patient
- hormones/insulin

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19
Q

What is supplemental therapy?

A

drug or nutrients prescribed to avoid deficiency

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20
Q

What is the drug name for ibuprofen?

A

Motrin

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21
Q

What name do you put on a prescription?

A

trade name

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22
Q

What do analgesics do? Give an example.

A

relieves mild to severe pain
- acetaminophen

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23
Q

What do anti-inflammatory medications do? Give an example.

A

reduces inflammation
- ibuprogen
- naproxen

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24
Q

What do antibiotics do? Give an example.

A

treats bacterial infections
- amoxicillin
- ciprofloxacin

25
Q

What do anticoagulants do? Give an example.

A

delay blood clotting
- warfarin
- heparin

26
Q

What do antidepressants do? Give an example.

A

relieves depression
- doxepin
- fluoxetine

27
Q

What do antiemetics do? Give an example.

A

reduces nausea, vomiting
- metaclopramide

28
Q

What do antifungals do? Give an example.

A

kills fungi
- fluconazole
- nystatin
- miconazole

29
Q

What do antimigraine drugs do? Give an example.

A

relieves migraines
- topiramate

30
Q

What do antihistamines do? Give an example.

A

relieves allergies
- loratadine

31
Q

What do antihypertensive drugs do? Give an example.

A

lowers blood pressure
- lisinopril
- metoprolol

32
Q

What do antilipemic drugs do? Give an example.

A

lowers cholesterol
- atorvastatin
- fenofibrate

33
Q

What do antipyretics do? Give an example.

A

reduces fever
- ibuprofen
- ASA

34
Q

What do antitussive/expectorant drugs do? Give an example.

A

controls cough, eliminates mucus
- dextromethorphan

35
Q

What do antiviral drugs do? Give an example.

A

Kills viruses
- acyclovir
- interferon

36
Q

What do antacids do? Give an example.

A

neutralize stomach acid
- omeprazole

37
Q

What do anticholinergic drugs do? Give an example.

A

reduces bronchospasm
- ipratropium

38
Q

What do anticonvulsants do? Give an example.

A

prevents/controls seizure
- clonazepam
- phenytoin
- gabapentin

39
Q

What do antidiarrheal drugs do? Give an example.

A

reduce diarrhea
- bismuth
- loperamide

40
Q

What do anti-osteopososis drugs do? Give an example.

A

improves bone density
- alendronate
- calcitonin

41
Q

What do antipsychotic drugs do? Give an example.

A

controls psychotic symptoms
- quetiapine
- risperidone

42
Q

What do antispasmodic/muscle relaxants do? Give an example.

A

reduces or prevents muscle spasm
- cyclobenzaprine
- methocarbamol

43
Q

What do anti anxiety drugs do? Give an example.

A

reduces anxiety
- clonazepam
- diazepam
- lorazepam

44
Q

What do CNS stimulants do? Give an example.

A

reduces hyperactivity
- methylphenidate

45
Q

What do contraceptives do? Give an example.

A

prevents pregnancy
- medroxyprogesterone

46
Q

What do bronchodilators do? Give an example.

A

relaxes airway
- albuterol

47
Q

What do decongestants do? Give an example.

A

relieves nasal congestion
- pseudoephedrine

48
Q

What do diuretics do? Give an example.

A

eliminates excess fluid
- furosemide
- HCTZ

49
Q

What do hormone replacement drugs do? Give an example.

A

hormone deficiencies
- levothyroxine
- insuline

50
Q

What do hypoglycemic drugs do? Give an example.

A

reduces blood sugar
- metformin
- glyburide

51
Q

What do sedatives/hypnotic drugs do? Give an example.

A

induces sleep/relaxation
- temazepam
- zolpidem

52
Q

What are schedule 1 drugs?

A

no approved medical use
- heroin
- LSD

53
Q

What are schedule 2 drugs?

A

high potential for abuse
- morphine
- hydrocodone
- fentanyl
- handwritten rx only, no refills

54
Q

What are schedule 3 drugs?

A

moderate to low potential for abuse
- anabolic steroids
- testosterone
- refilled up to 5 times in 6 months

55
Q

What are schedule 4 drugs?

A

low potential for abuse
- diazepam
- zolpidem
- alprazolam
- clonazepam
- refilled up to 5 times in 6 months, authorized by phone

56
Q

What are schedule 5 drugs?

A

contain limited quantities of narcotics
- antidiarrheal, antitussive, analgesic
- refilled up to 5 times in 6 months, authorized by phone

57
Q

Who created the 5 schedules for narcotics?

A

federal controlled substances act

58
Q

What is the most common drug reference?

A

physician’s desk reference

59
Q

What is the most common contraindication?

A

allergic reaction to a drug

Medical Assisting (38 decks)

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