Intro to Pharmacology Flashcards
What is pharmacology?
study of medications
- how they act on the body their classifications and properties
What are the main sources of drugs/
- plants
- animals (hormones)
- minerals
- bacteria and fungi
- synthetic
What is pharmacokinetics?
study of how medications move through the body
What is absorption?
- body converts medication into a form the body can use
- moves medications into the bloodstream
How are oral medications absorbed?
in the stomach or intestines
How are IV and injectable medications absorbed?
it goes directly into bloodstream
What is distribution?
transportation of medication throughout the body
What are barriers to distribution?
blood-brain barrier protects brain from dangerous chemicals
What is metabolism?
changes active forms into metabolites for excretion
What is the primary organ of metabolism?
liver
What is excretion?
removal of medications from the body
What is the primary organ for excretion?
kidneys
What are the 4 parts of pharmacokinetics?
absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
What is acute therapy?
improve life-threatening or serious condition
- nitroglycerin
What is maintenance therapy?
drug prescribed to maintain a condition of health
- cholesterol lowering drugs
What is palliative therapy?
prescribed to reduce the severity of a condition or its accompanying pain
- doesn’t treat or cute the disease
What is prophylactic therapy?
prescribed to prevent a disease or condition
- antibiotics before surgery
What is replacement therapy?
prescribed to provide chemicals missing in a patient
- hormones/insulin
What is supplemental therapy?
drug or nutrients prescribed to avoid deficiency
What is the drug name for ibuprofen?
Motrin
What name do you put on a prescription?
trade name
What do analgesics do? Give an example.
relieves mild to severe pain
- acetaminophen
What do anti-inflammatory medications do? Give an example.
reduces inflammation
- ibuprogen
- naproxen
What do antibiotics do? Give an example.
treats bacterial infections
- amoxicillin
- ciprofloxacin
What do anticoagulants do? Give an example.
delay blood clotting
- warfarin
- heparin
What do antidepressants do? Give an example.
relieves depression
- doxepin
- fluoxetine
What do antiemetics do? Give an example.
reduces nausea, vomiting
- metaclopramide
What do antifungals do? Give an example.
kills fungi
- fluconazole
- nystatin
- miconazole
What do antimigraine drugs do? Give an example.
relieves migraines
- topiramate
What do antihistamines do? Give an example.
relieves allergies
- loratadine
What do antihypertensive drugs do? Give an example.
lowers blood pressure
- lisinopril
- metoprolol
What do antilipemic drugs do? Give an example.
lowers cholesterol
- atorvastatin
- fenofibrate
What do antipyretics do? Give an example.
reduces fever
- ibuprofen
- ASA
What do antitussive/expectorant drugs do? Give an example.
controls cough, eliminates mucus
- dextromethorphan
What do antiviral drugs do? Give an example.
Kills viruses
- acyclovir
- interferon
What do antacids do? Give an example.
neutralize stomach acid
- omeprazole
What do anticholinergic drugs do? Give an example.
reduces bronchospasm
- ipratropium
What do anticonvulsants do? Give an example.
prevents/controls seizure
- clonazepam
- phenytoin
- gabapentin
What do antidiarrheal drugs do? Give an example.
reduce diarrhea
- bismuth
- loperamide
What do anti-osteopososis drugs do? Give an example.
improves bone density
- alendronate
- calcitonin
What do antipsychotic drugs do? Give an example.
controls psychotic symptoms
- quetiapine
- risperidone
What do antispasmodic/muscle relaxants do? Give an example.
reduces or prevents muscle spasm
- cyclobenzaprine
- methocarbamol
What do anti anxiety drugs do? Give an example.
reduces anxiety
- clonazepam
- diazepam
- lorazepam
What do CNS stimulants do? Give an example.
reduces hyperactivity
- methylphenidate
What do contraceptives do? Give an example.
prevents pregnancy
- medroxyprogesterone
What do bronchodilators do? Give an example.
relaxes airway
- albuterol
What do decongestants do? Give an example.
relieves nasal congestion
- pseudoephedrine
What do diuretics do? Give an example.
eliminates excess fluid
- furosemide
- HCTZ
What do hormone replacement drugs do? Give an example.
hormone deficiencies
- levothyroxine
- insuline
What do hypoglycemic drugs do? Give an example.
reduces blood sugar
- metformin
- glyburide
What do sedatives/hypnotic drugs do? Give an example.
induces sleep/relaxation
- temazepam
- zolpidem
What are schedule 1 drugs?
no approved medical use
- heroin
- LSD
What are schedule 2 drugs?
high potential for abuse
- morphine
- hydrocodone
- fentanyl
- handwritten rx only, no refills
What are schedule 3 drugs?
moderate to low potential for abuse
- anabolic steroids
- testosterone
- refilled up to 5 times in 6 months
What are schedule 4 drugs?
low potential for abuse
- diazepam
- zolpidem
- alprazolam
- clonazepam
- refilled up to 5 times in 6 months, authorized by phone
What are schedule 5 drugs?
contain limited quantities of narcotics
- antidiarrheal, antitussive, analgesic
- refilled up to 5 times in 6 months, authorized by phone
Who created the 5 schedules for narcotics?
federal controlled substances act
What is the most common drug reference?
physician’s desk reference
What is the most common contraindication?
allergic reaction to a drug
