Assisting with Reproductive and Urinary Specialties Flashcards
What is gynecology?
care of the female reproductive system
What is obstetrics?
study of pregnancy, labor, delivery, and postpartum
What is urology?
focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary-tract system and the male reproductive organs
What is menstruation?
process of discharging blood from the lining of the uterus
- starts in puberty until menopause
What is menarche?
first occurrence of menstruation
- onset age around 10-15
What is menopause?
cessation of menstrual cycle
- can occur naturally or surgically
What is perimenopause?
- transitional period before menopause
- levels of estrogen start to decrease
What is postmenopause?
patient has been without a period for 12 months
What are some pap smear supplies?
- vaginal speculum
- gauze pads
- cervical specimen collection kit
- exam light
- glass slide and fixative or liquid collection medium
- water-based lubrication or warm water
Who does the breast exam?
physician
What does the MA do during breast exam?
- ask patient about concerns
- check documentation for last mammogram
- educate patient in self-breast exams
What are MA duties with obstetrical patients?
- prenatal care: educate on nutrition, exercise, medical monitoring
- during pregnancy: set up childbirth classes, educate on healthy choices
- monitor BP
- urine testing
- pregnancy tests
What do pregnancy tests detect?
presence of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
What are some tests for STIs?
- bacterial and tissue cultures
- examining lesions
- blood tests
- patient’s history
What is a biopsy?
tissue from the lining of the uterus is removed and examined under a microscope for cancer and other cell irregularities
What is a colposcopy?
when pap test shows abnormal cells
- doctor can see the surface of the cervix up close
What is amniocentesis?
needle inserted through the lower abdominal wall
- fetal skin cells obtained and examined for chromosomal abnormalities
What is D & C?
- dilation of the cervix and scraping the uterine lining
- diagnose and treat uterine conditions, heavy bleeding
- clear the uterine lining after a miscarriage or abortion
What is a hysterectomy?
removal of the uterus
What is hysterosalpingectomy?
removal of the uterus and fallopian tubes
What is a hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy?
removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
What is another name for hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy?
total hysterectomy
What is dysuria?
discomfort or burning with urination
What is incontinence?
lack of bladder control
What happens during a physical exam in urology?
- palpation of the kidneys and bladder
- visual inspection of the external genitalia
- inspection and palpation of penis and scrotum
What is a MA’s job in urology?
teaching the patient to perform a regular testicular self exam
What is pyelography?
- x-ray of the kidney area with an iodine-based contrast agent
- used to diagnose renal disorders
What is a urinalysis?
urine test
What is blood testing in urology for?
to monitor for dysfunctions of the prostate gland and certain STIs
What is a semen analysis for?
- determine fertility
- evaluate success of a vasectomy
What are smears for?
diagnose infection
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
fertilized egg unable to move out of fallopian tube into uterus for implantation
What is fibrocystic breast disease?
benign, fluid-filled cysts or nodules in breast
What are ovarian cysts?
sacs of fluid or semisolid material, usually benign
What is amenoohea?
absence of menstruation
What is dysmenorrhea?
painful menstrual periods
What is menorrhagia?
heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
What is metrorrhagia?
abnormal bleeding
What is impotence?
inability to achieve or to maintain an erection
- may be physical, side effect of medication or psychological or emotional
