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Medical Assisting > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

controls all other body systems
- helps to maintain homeostasis in the body systems

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2
Q

What is the brain responsible for?

A

coordinating body activities
- control center
- controls thought, emotion, judgment

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3
Q

What is the largest part of the brain? What are the parts?

A

cerebrum
- frontal
- parietal
- occipital
- temporal

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4
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A
  • motor control
  • problem solving
  • speech production
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5
Q

What is temporal lobe responsible for?

A
  • auditory processing
  • language comprehension
  • memory/information retrieval
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6
Q

What is brainstem responsible for?

A

involuntary responses

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7
Q

What is parietal lobe responsible for?

A
  • touch perception
  • body orientation and sensory discrimination
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8
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A
  • sight
  • visual reception and interpretation
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9
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

balance and coordination

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10
Q

What is spinal cord responsible for?

A

provides pathway for nerve impulses to and from the brain
- extends from the base of brain to lumbar vertebrae

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11
Q

What are the layers of the meninges?

A

Outer: dura mater
Middle: arachnoid mater
Inner: pia mater

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12
Q

What does the meninges cover?

A

brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid?

A

fluid that is in brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

What is a neuron?

A

functional unit of the nervous system

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15
Q

What are dendrites?

A

appendages that receive communications from other cells

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16
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

genetic material of the cell

17
Q

What is an axon?

A

nerve fiber
- stores neurotransmitters
- transmit information to different neurons, muscles, and glands

18
Q

What is myelin sheath?

A

protective layer that wraps around the axons
- insulates the neuron
- controls the number of electrical signals being transmitted

19
Q

What is synapse?

A

structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron

20
Q

What are the 2 main sections of the nervous system?

A
  • central nervous system (brain, spinal cord)
  • peripheral nervous system (nerves found throughout the body)
21
Q

What is part of the peripheral nerves?

A

somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
- 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves that branch off from the spinal cord

22
Q

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

A
  • controls body’s voluntary skeletal muscles
  • neurons carry information to the CNS
23
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • controls body’s automatic functions (breathing/digestion)
  • sympathetic branch: fight or flight
  • parasympathetic branch: rest and digest
24
Q

What is paraplegia?

A

paralysis of the legs

25
Q

What is quadriplegia?

A

paralysis of the arms and legs

26
Q

What is hemiplegia?

A

paralysis of half of the body

27
Q

What is monoplegia?

A

paralysis of one limb

28
Q

What is neuralgia?

A

nerve pain

29
Q

What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? (ALS)

A

degenerative and fatal disorder of the CNS

30
Q

What’s another name for ALS?

A

Lou Gehrig’s disease

31
Q

What is meningitis?

A

inflammation/infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord

32
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

demyelinating disease of CNS

33
Q

What is parkinson’s disease?

A

progressive and degenerative motor system disorder
- causes tremors

34
Q

What is Transient Ischemic Attack?

A

mini stroke
- doesn’t cause permanent damage

35
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

weak or paralyzed facial muscles

36
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

seizures resulting from bursts of electrical signals in the brain

37
Q

What is a stroke? (CVA)

A

blood vessel in the brain is blocked by a clot or bursts
- brain damage due to lack of blood flow

38
Q

What are examples of headaches?

A
  • tension
  • migraines
  • cluster
39
Q

What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?

A

autoimmune attacks the PNS

Medical Assisting (38 decks)

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