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Medical Assisting > Respiratory System and Special Senses > Flashcards

Respiratory System and Special Senses Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the organs of the respiratory system?

A
  • nose
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchial tree
  • lungs
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2
Q

What is the nose made of?

A

bones, cartilage, skin

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3
Q

What prevents particles from entering the nose?

A

small hairs (cilia)

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4
Q

Where is the pharynx?

A

back of the throat

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5
Q

What is the larynx?

A

voice box

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6
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

flap that diverts throat contents to the trachea or esophagus

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7
Q

What is the trachea?

A

main airway that extends from larynx and branches into bronchi
- lined with cilia
- windpipe

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8
Q

What’s in the lungs?

A

bronchia, alveoli, blood vessels

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9
Q

Which lung is larger?

A

right lung

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10
Q

What are bronchi?

A

2 large tubes that carry air from the windpipe to the lungs

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11
Q

What is alveoli?

A

air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

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12
Q

What surrounds the lungs?

A

pleura (membrane)

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13
Q

What are causes of altered breathing patterns?

A
  • coughing
  • sneezing
  • laughing
  • crying
  • hiccups
  • yawning
  • speaking
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14
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

move air in and out of lungs
- respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

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15
Q

What is external respiration? Internal respiration?

A

external: exchange of oxygen within lungs
internal: exchange of oxygen with hemoglobin of a red blood cell

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16
Q

Why are respiratory volumes measured?

A

to assess health of respiratory system

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17
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs during a normal breath

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18
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled following a normal inhalation

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19
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled following a normal exhalation

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20
Q

What is residual volume?

A

volume of air that always remains in the lungs even after a forceful exhalation

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21
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after the deepest inhalation possible

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22
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

total amount of air the lungs can hold

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23
Q

What is spirometry?

A

pulmonary function testing
- measures various lung functions

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24
Q

What is spirometry used for?

A

to diagnose asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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25
Q

What is asthma?

A

inflammation in airways
- wheezing
- coughing
- tightness in chest

26
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

collapse of part or all of a lung caused by a blockage of the air passages
- caused by COPD, pleurisy (inflamed pleura), lung cancer

27
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

inflammation of the bronchi often due to infection
- yellow-gray/green mucus
- fever
- coughing

28
Q

What is COPD?

A

group of lung disorders that limit airflow to lungs and usually cause enlargement of the alveoli
- caused by smoking and pollutants

29
Q

What is emphysema?

A

damage to the alveoli from smoking
- most common types of COPD

30
Q

What is legionnaires disease?

A

From legionella bacteria found in contaminated water of air conditioning systems

31
Q

What is the sclera?

A

white portion of eye

32
Q

What is pupil?

A

center opening

33
Q

What is cornea?

A

clear covering in the center of the eye

34
Q

What is iris?

A

colored portion

35
Q

What is retina?

A

captures vision input

36
Q

What is conjunctiva?

A

clear coating on the outside of the eye

37
Q

What are the lens?

A

allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances

38
Q

What is accommodation?

A

ability of lens to change shape

39
Q

What is refraction?

A

bending of light that enters the eye to focus it on the retina
- done by cornea

40
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

cornea or lens with abnormal shape

41
Q

What is myopia?

A

dysfunction of the lens
- nearsightedness

42
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

dysfunction of lens
- farsightedness

43
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

inflammation of the eyelid

44
Q

What is pink eye?

A

conjunctivitis

45
Q

What is the pinna?

A

auricle
- outer ear structure

46
Q

What are the ossicles?

A

malleus, incus, stapes
- bones of the ear

47
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

hearing receptor

48
Q

What is the labyrinth?

A

inner ear

49
Q

What is the organ of corti?

A

organ of hearing

50
Q

What is the tympanic membrane?

A

eardrum
- sound waves cause it to vibrate
= separates outer ear from middle ear
- detects balance

51
Q

What is the eustachain tube?

A

connects throat to the middle ear

52
Q

What is hearing loss?

A

deafness

53
Q

What is conductive hearing loss?

A

blockage of sound waves

54
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

damage to auditory nerve

55
Q

What is cerumen (earwax) impaction?

A

buildup of wax within external auditory canal with some degree of hearing loss due to blocked sound waves

56
Q

What is meniere’s disease?

A

inner ear problem
- starts in people between 30-50 years old
- dizziness
- ringing in the ear
- sensitivity to loud sounds

57
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

immobilization of the stapes due to scaring
- common cause of conductive hearing loss
- hardening of middle ear bone

58
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

age-related hearing loss

59
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

outer ear infection
- swimmer’s ear

60
Q

What is otitis media?

A

middle ear infection
- needs antibiotics

61
Q

What is otitis interna?

A

inner ear infection

62
Q

What is tinnitus?

A

ringing or other noises in one or both of your ears

Medical Assisting (23 decks)

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