Emergency Preparedness Flashcards
What emergencies require first aid or life-saving measures?
- choking
- allergic reactions
- trauma
- cardiac failure
- respiratory failure
What are eternal and environmental emergencies?
- weather related
- tornadoes
- hurricanes
- fires
What are human related emergencies?
threats
What is a medical emergency?
any situation in which a person suddenly becomes ill or sustains an injury that requires immediate help by a healthcare professional
What is first aid?
immediate care given to someone who is injured or suddenly becomes ill
- before complete medical care can be obtained
What is the MAs role during emergencies?
- recognize life-threatening condition
- obtain chief complaint
- collect vital signs
- assist provider
What is in a crash cart?
- basic drugs
- wound care supplies
What are first-aid equipment?
- AED
- CPR supplies
What does CAB mean?
circulation, airway, breathing
What are accidental injuries?
- bites/stings
- burns
- choking
- eye/ear injuries
- falls, fractures, dislocations
- sprains, strains
- head injuries
- wounds
What is an abrasion?
- scrape or rub
- superficial wound usually knee or elbow
- apply pressure if bleeding
- clean and flush debris
- apply bandage
What is an incision?
- smooth/clean cut
- open injury caused by sharp object/straight cut
- profuse bleeding may occur
What do you do when an incision starts bleeding?
- apply pressure until bleeding stops
- clean gently
- apply bandage
What is a laceration?
- jagged open injury
- profuse bleeding may occur
What is a puncture?
- open wound caused by an object that delivers a stab
- usually small with limited bleeding
What is a sterile dressing?
used next to the wound
What is non-sterile dressing?
bandage (used to cover dressings)
What is contusion?
- closed injury (bruise)
- caused by blunt-force trauma
How can you heal contusions?
- apply cold pack/ice
- elevate limbs
- check for swelling
What is a concussion?
- closed injury
- head trauma
- brain was jolted or shaken
What are procedures for concussion?
- measure vital signs
- observe patient
- requires provider assessment and possible radiology testing
What is the best way to remove a dressing that is stuck to a wound?
soak dressing in sterile saline prior to removal
What is a strain?
overstretching of a muscle or tendon
How do you heal a strain and sprain?
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
What is a sprain?
tearing of a tendon, ligament, or cartilage of a joint
What is a fracture?
break in bone
What is complete fracture?
break through entire bone
What is incomplete fracture?
break through pat of the bone
What is comminuted fracture?
bone has broken into several fragments
What is greenstick fracture?
bone is bent and only one side is fractured
What is closed fracture?
no break in skin
What is open fracture?
break in skin
Which fracture is only in children?
greenstick fracture
What is anaphylaxis?
severe allergic reaction
- can result in shock
- extreme emergency
What is the procedure for anaphylaxis?
- provide BLS
- administer oxygen
- administer epinephrine
- call 911
What is acute abdominal pain?
- general symptom
- can be life-threatening
What are the procedures for acute abdominal pain?
- obtain detailed CC
- nothing by mouth
- may need emesis basin
- keep patient warm
- don’t apply heat to abdomen
- monitor vital signs and observe for shock
What type of emergency is bleeding?
- internal/external
- arterial bleeding medical crisis
What is the procedure for bleeding?
- apply pressure
- elevate site
- apply ice
- limit movement
- monitor vital signs, observe for shock
What is the procedure for eye/ear injuries?
- limit contact if possible
- cover eye/ear
- administer irrigations based on provider direction
What is the procedure for burns?
- remove patient from source
- flush with cold water
- do not remove clothing unless chemical burn
- monitor vital signs and observe for shock
- rule of nines!
What is a first degree burn?
first layer of tissue
- sunburn
What is second degree burn?
subcutaneous tissue
- will blister
What is third degree burn?
- involves muscle, possibly bone
- appears dry and charred
What is a seizure?
generalized (grand mal) to short (petit mal)
- can result from trauma
What is the procedure for seizures?
- assist patient to lying position
- protect from injury
- tilt head to side
- stay with patient and observe
- call 911 if it continues
What is a stoke?
results from hypoxia
- from blood clot or rupture of blood vessel
- patient experiences weakness, paralysis
- difficulty speaking
What is the procedure for stroke?
- protect patient (nothing by mouth)
- obtain vital signs
- administer oxygen
- call 911
What is the CPR rate?
100-120 chest compressions per minute
- 30 compressions and 2 breaths
