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Medical Assisting > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is digestion?

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that the body cells can absorb

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2
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

organs forming a pathway extending from the mouth to the anus

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3
Q

What are the food movements?

A
  • churning: mixes substances
  • peristalsis: moves substances through esophagus to stomach
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4
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A

initiating digestion using chewing and saliva

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5
Q

What is another way to say chewing?

A

mastication

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6
Q

What is the function of the teeth?

A

decrease size of food particles

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7
Q

How many teeth do we have?

A

32 teeth

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8
Q

What is the function of salivary glands?

A

makes saliva

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9
Q

What is the pharynx and its function?

A

throat
- passageway between mouth to esophagus

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10
Q

What is the function of esophagus?

A

tube connecting mouth to stomach
- peristalsis

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11
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

receives food from esophagus and continues to breakdown food with gastric juices
- propels food to small intestine

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12
Q

What is rugae?

A

folds in the stomach

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13
Q

What quadrant is the stomach in?

A

upper left

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14
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

makes bile to breakdown fats

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15
Q

What quadrant is the liver in?

A

right upper

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16
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

stores bile
- connects to duodenum

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17
Q

What is the function of the pancrease?

A

makes enzymes that aid in digestion
- connects to duodenum

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18
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

absorbing nutrients

19
Q

What are the sections of the small intestine?

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
20
Q

What is the large intestine and its function?

A

colon
- absorption of nutrients
- feces formed from solid waste

21
Q

What are the sections of the large intestine?

A
  • cecum (connects to ilium)
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
22
Q

What is the apprendix?

A

thin tube joined to the large intestine

23
Q

What is the function of the appendix?

A

reservoir for beneficial bacteria
- part of immune system in young child
- helps fight disease

24
Q

What are the essential nutrients?

A
  • carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • lipids
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • water
25
Q

What are the 3 main nutrients in foods and drinks?

A
  • carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • fats
26
Q

What is the purpose of carbohydrates?

A

broken down to glucose for energy

27
Q

What are the functions of a lipid?

A

structural component of cell membrane
- energy

28
Q

What is the function of protein?

A

structure, function, regulation of the body’s tissues and organs
- tissue repair and growth

29
Q

What is the function of vitamins?

A

normal growth and development
- fat-soluble
- water-soluble

30
Q

What is the function of minerals?

A

keeps bones, muscles, heart, and brain working properly
- found in bones and teeth

31
Q

What are examples of fat soluble vitamins? What are the functions?

A

A: for vision, reproduction, bone health, immune system, skin
D: for bone strength, calcium absorption, immune system
E: immune system, flushes toxins
K: blood clotting, bone health

32
Q

What is the benefit of fat-soluble vitamins?

A

long-term storage
- doesn’t need to be constantly replenished

33
Q

Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored?

A

fatty/adipose tissue

34
Q

What are examples of water-soluble vitamins?

A
  • vitamin C
  • vitamin B complex (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 12)
35
Q

What are water-soluble vitamins?

A
  • not stored in the body
  • enter bloodstream and eliminated through urine if not needed
  • regular intake to avoid deficiency
36
Q

What is appendicitis?

A

inflammation and infection of the appendix

37
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

chronic liver disease leading to scarring of the tissue

38
Q

What is the cause of cirrhosis?

A

medication, alcohol use, hep B or C

39
Q

What is cholelithiasis?

A

gallstones

40
Q

What is colitis?

A

inflammation of large intestine
- viral or bacterial

41
Q

What is constipation?

A

difficult defecation
- increase in fiber can help

42
Q

What is crohn’s disease?

A

inflammatory bowel disease
- affects small intestine

43
Q

What is gastritis?

A

inflammation of the stomach

Medical Assisting (38 decks)

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