Integumentary System Flashcards
What is the largest organ in the integumentary system?
skin
What are the accessory organs in the integumentary system?
- hair follicles
- finger and toe nails
- skin glands
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
- first line of defense against bacteria and viruses
- protects from UV radiation and dehydration
How do integumentary system control body temperature?
- too hot: dermal blood vessels dilate & more blood is sent to the surface
- too cold: dermal blood vessels constrict & prevents heat from escaping
What are the layers of the skin from outside in?
- epidermis
- dermis
- subcutaneous (hypodermis)
What are the characteristics of the epidermis?
- epithelial tissue
- no blood vessels
- has keratin
What gives skin its color?
melanocyte makes melanin
What are some examples and their causes of skin color changes?
- rubor/erythema (red): flushing of the skin due to dilated blood vessels
- pallor/pale: blood vessel constriction
- cyanosis: bluish tint to the skin when it isn’t getting enough blood
What are characteristics of the dermis?
- has blood vessels, arteries, veins, capillaries, and nerves
- has sweat glands and hair follicles
What layer of skin for blood get drawn from?
dermis (has capillaries)
What are the characteristics of the subcutaneous layer?
- connective tissue
- has adipose tissue and larger blood vessels
What are sudoriferous glands?
sweat glands
What do eccrine glands do? Where are they?
- distributed throughout the body
- produce fluid to regulate body temperature
What do apocrine glands do? Where are they?
- present in axilla and pubic area
- responsible for odor as bacteria break down organic substances
What do sebaceous glands do?
- secretes oily substance (sebum)
- adds protective layer and prevents fluid loss
What is neoplasm?
new growth
- doesn’t state if it’s cancerous or benign
What is alopecia?
hair loss
What is acne vulgaris?
black heads, white heads, pustules
What is cellulitis?
bacterial infection
What is dermatitis?
inflammation with rash
What is eczema?
itchy, red, scaly rash
What is herpes simplex?
cold sore
- blisters, mouth, lips, face
What is impetigo?
bacterial infection, itchy, oozing skin
What is a keloid?
overgrowth of scar tissue
What is a nodule?
small growth under the skin
What is petechiae?
ruptured skin capillaries
What is pediculosis?
live infestation
What is ringworm?
tinea corporis
- fungus infection, circular lesions
What is rosacea?
dilation of facial blood vessels, redness
What is basal cell carcinoma?
sun exposure
- new growth does not heal
What is the most common skin disorder?
basal cell carcinoma
What is the most aggressive skin disorder?
malignant melanoma
What is squamous cell carcinoma?
- sun exposure, spreads to surrounding tissues (metastasize)
- common on face and head, less common than basal cell
What is malignant melanoma?
sun exposure, itchy, bleeding mole with changes
What is the severity of burns based on?
- extent of body surface area: rule of nines to estimate % of body surface area affected
- degree of burn
What is the burns - rule of nines?
- anterior trunk = 18%
- head and neck = 9%
- posterior trunk and butt = 18%
- arms, hands, shoulders = 18%
- anterior/posterior legs and feet = 18%
What are the characteristics of 1st degree burn?
superficial (epidermis)
- pain
- redness
- swelling (sunburn)
What are the characteristics of a 2nd degree burn?
partial-thickness
- subcutaneous tissue
- pain
- redness
- swelling
- blisters
What are the characteristics of a 3rd degree burn?
full-thickness
- all layers of skin, muscle, and maybe bone
- skin appears charred
- always requires medical attention
