Unit 6 AP Biology Terms Review

Question 1

Because DNA replication results in molecules that contain one of the original template strands, it is said to be a ________________ process

Answer 1

Semiconservative

Question 2

The lagging strand undergoes _____________ replication because replication occurs in pieces called Okazaki fragments

Answer 2

Discontinuous

Question 3

Regions of DNA in prokaryotes responsible for regulating the expression of a set of related genes

Answer 3

Operons

Question 4

The region of DNA just upstream of the gene where DNA Polymerase binds to start transcription

Answer 4

Promoter

Question 5

An enzyme that is primarily responsible for “unzipping” the DNA prior to replication. It breaks hydrogen bonds

Answer 5

Helicase

Question 6

This is a region of RNA that is removed during splicing

Answer 6

Intron

Question 7

A step of gene expression that occurs in the nucleus. It uses DNA to make RNA

Answer 7

Transcription

Question 8

A strand of DNA that codes for the RNA

Answer 8

Template

Question 9

A series of three mRNA nucleotides that that codes for a particular amino acid. It is complementary to Anticodon

Answer 9

Codon

Question 10

The type of RNA that is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation

Answer 10

mRNA

Question 11

Removing noncoding regions of RNA (Introns) and then fusing the remaining Exons

Answer 11

Splicing

Question 12

The cellular locations of translation are called

Answer 12

Ribosomes

Question 13

The enzyme that is primarily responsible for synthesis of new DNA strands during DNA replication

Answer 13

DNA Polymerase

Question 14

Replication of DNA on the strand referenced in leading strand happens uninterruptedly. Therefore, it is called _________ replication

Answer 14

Continous

Question 15

The last step of transcription and translation. In transcription, it is when the RNA Polymerase releases from the DNA. In translation, it is when a stop codon is reached

Answer 15

Termination

Question 16

A modified guanine nucleotide that gets added to the 5’ end of RNA during processing

Answer 16

GTP Cap

Question 17

A series of three nucleotides of tRNA that is complementary to Codon

Answer 17

Anticodon

Question 18

While Linear describes the shape of eukaryotic chromosomes, this is the shape of a prokaryotic chromosome

Answer 18

Circular

Question 19

The process that occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle that duplicated DNA

Answer 19

DNA Replication

Question 20

A change to the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Answer 20

Mutation

Question 21

Describes a segment of chromosome relocating elsewhere in the genome

Answer 21

Translocation

Question 22

When cells undergo changes that help them to become specializied

Answer 22

Differentiation

Question 23

During RNA Splicing, there’s are the regions of mRNA that are fused back together after Introns are removed

Answer 23

Exons

Question 24

Describes the structure that forms as the template DNA strands separate during DNA replication

Answer 24

Replication Fork

Question 25

Determining the order of nucleotides that make up DNA

Answer 25

Sequencing

Question 26

Information in mRNA is used to produce a polypeptide. This process happens at the ribosomes and follows Transcription

Answer 26

Translation

Question 27

Typically refers to the transfer of DNA from a virus to bacteria

Answer 27

Transduction

Question 28

Proteins in the cell that can help to initiate transcription, often helping RNA Polymerase bind to the promoter

Answer 28

Transcription Factors

Question 29

Enzyme responsible for unwinding DNA during DNA replication

Answer 29

Topoisomerase

Question 30

A series of adenine nucleotides that is added to the 3' end of mRNA during RNA processing

Answer 30

Poly A Tail

Question 31

Failure of chromosomes to separate properly is called

Answer 31

Nondisjunction

Question 32

An important enzyme in DNA replication (and in many lab procedures) that joins DNA fragments

Answer 32

Ligase

Question 33

Process that involves bacteria taking in DNA from the environment

Answer 33

Transformation

Question 34

A key enzyme that builds the RNA during the process described in Transcription

Answer 34

RNA Polymerase

Question 35

When the synthesis of RNA occurs in Transcription or the synthesis of a polypeptide occurs during Translation

Answer 35

Elongation

Question 36

The shape of a eukaryotic chromosome

Answer 36

Linear

Question 37

This is where DNA Polymerase will begin the synthesis of new DNA during DNA replication. It is created by an enzyme called primase

Answer 37

DNA Primer

Question 38

The _______ strands is the strand that is synthesized in what is described in continuous replication

Answer 38

Leading

Question 39

This is synthesized in discontinuous replication

Answer 39

Lagging strand

Question 40

When the structures of Operons experience genetic activity due the presence of a molecule, they are said to be

Answer 40

Inducible

Question 41

Type of RNA that is used to take the information to build a polypeptide from the nucleus to the ribosome

Answer 41

tRNA

Question 42

The events that start the processes of Transcription or Translation are often referred to as

Answer 42

Initiation