A&P Skeletal System Review (from Sheet) Flashcards
List the four components of the skeletal system
Bones
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments
Living organs made up of many cells, protein fibers, and minerals
Bones
Areas where two or more bones meet
Joints
Connective tissue that protects joints and bones
Cartilages
Attaches bone to bone
Ligaments
List the three main regions of the axial skeleton
Vertebral Column
Bony Thorax
Skull
List the types of vertebrae
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
7, located in the neck, smallest and lightest
Cervical Vertebrae
12, articulate with ribs, larger than cervical, 12 pairs of ribs attached
Thoracic
5, much larger than others, support weight of upper body, lower back
Lumbar
List the types of ribs
True
False
Floating
Pairs 1-7, articulate anterior directly to the sternum by cartilage
True ribs
Pairs 8-12, articulate indirectly or not at all
False Ribs
Last 2 pair that do not connect at all
Floating Ribs
List the four main regions of the appendicular skeleton
Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle)
Upper Limbs
Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Lower limbs
Dense and looks smooth & homogeneous
Compact bone
Composed of small pieces of bone and lots of open space
Spongy bone
Composed of a matrix of hard mineral salts reinforced with tough collagen fibers
Microscopic anatomy of compact bone
Bumps, holes, and ridges where muscles, tendons, and ligaments are attached. Blood vessels and nerves pass through
Bone markings
List the three types of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Connected by fibrous tissue; no movement
Fibrous joint
Connected by cartilage; slightly movable
Cartilaginous joint
Articulating bones separated by cavity filled with synovial fluid, allowing the most movement
Synovial joint
An example of this joint would be the skull
Fibrous joint
Examples of this joint would be pubic symphysis and vertebraes
Cartilaginous joint
Examples of this joint would be the shoulder, elbow, and knee
Synovial joint
Which synovial joint provides the most movement?
Ball and socket joints
What type of joint is found in the elbow and knee?
Hinge joints
List the five major functions of the skeletal system
Support
Protection
Movement
Storage
Hematopoiesis
Provides internal framework that supports and anchors all soft organs
Support
Some bones _______ soft body organs
Protection
Tendons use the bones as levers to move body parts
Movement
Fat _______ in yellow marrow, calcium and phosphorus in bone tissue
Storage
Blood cell formation occurs in red marrow
Hematopoiesis
The formation of bone and cartilage
Ossification
Increase in length due to the epiphyseal plates
Longitudinal growth
These are fully ossified by the end of adolescence
Epiphyseal plates
Breaking down and reforming of bone that occurs throughout life to maintain proportion and strength as well as healthy calcium levels
Bone remodeling
Weakening of the bone that occurs with aging
Osteoporosis
A disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue
Osteoporosis
Most common form of arthritis and is caused by mechanical wear & tear on the joint associated with getting older
Osteoarthritis
Develops when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the joints and other structures of the body. It affects far fewer people but may occur at any age
Rheumatoid arthritis
A protruding disc of cartilage between the vertebrae. It can irritate nearby nerves and result in pain, numbness, or weakness in arm or leg
Herniated disc
Sometimes called a slipped or ruptured ____
Herniated disc
May occur as part of a degenerative ____ disease
Herniated disc
