Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phoebe's Class > Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Chemistry of Life Flashcards

Unit 1 AP Biology

1
Q

Anything that has mass and takes up space

A

Matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Matter in its simplest form

A

Element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Smallest form of an element that still displays its particular properties

A

Atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Positive Charge

A

Cations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Negative Charge

A

Anions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Composed of more than one type of element

A

Compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contain carbon and usually hydrogen

A

Organic Compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NH2 group with R, contains amino acids

A

Amino group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

R-C=OH-H group, hydroxide in one of the R spots and a carbon chain in the other

A

Carboxyl group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

These molecules are polar

A

Water Molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The attraction between a positively charged atom and any other electronegative atom, such as oxygen

A

Hydrogen bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Water molecules linking together due to hydrogen bonds

A

Cohesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A water molecule is attracted to another substance due to hydrogen bonds

A

Adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Helps regulate body temperatures due to the water temperature slowly changing as well as holding the temperature well

A

High Specific Heat/ Heat Capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The energy required to transform a given quantity of a substance from a liquid into a gas at a given pressure. An example would be sweating

A

Heat of Vaporization/Evaporation Cooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Made up of single units called monomer that are joined together via covalent bonds to form large polymers

A

Macromolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Allows water to be resistant to external forces due to the cohesive nature of the water molecules to one another instead of to the surrounding molecules in the air

A

Surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Solid water molecules form a lattice that is less than liquid water which therefore floats. An example would be ice or a frozen lake

A

Density Changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The partially positive hydrogen atom connect to the partially negative charged oxygen through ________ _____

A

Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the four macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Forms a covalent bond between two monomer units while releasing a water molecule

A

Dehydration Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Covalent bonds between monomer units are broken by the addition of water

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A bond in which atoms share one or more electrons

A

Covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This macromolecule is an organic compound used by cells as a long-term energy storage or building blocks

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
This macromolecule is hydrophobic and insoluble in water
Lipids
22
These are the most important lipids
Fats, oils, steroids, and phospholipids
23
This macromolecule is made by combining glycerol and three fatty acids
Lipids
24
Contains no double bonds
Saturated Fats
25
Contain one or more double bonds
Unsaturated fats
26
Is a lipid composed of four carbon rings. An example of this would be Cholesterol
Steroids
27
A lipid formed by combining a glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate group
Phospholipids
28
This lipid has amphipathic structures which means they have two hydrophobic tails (a hydrocarbon chain) and a hydrophilic head (the phosphate group)
Phospholipids
29
This macromolecule has the element C, H, and O contained in the fat structure
Lipids
30
This macromolecule can be simple sugars or complex molecules containing multiple sugars
Carbohydrates
31
This macromolecule is used by the cells of the body in energy-producing reactions and as structural materials
Carbohydrates
32
This macromolecule also has the elements C, H, and O
Carbohydrates
33
A simple sugar that is the simplest form of carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
34
Glucose (C6H12O6) is the most important
Monosaccharide
35
Is used in cellular respiration to provide energy for cells
Glucose
36
A sugar consisting of two monosaccharides bound together
Disaccharide
37
Sucrose, maltose, and lactose
Disaccharide
38
A main energy carbohydrate in plants which is a combination of fructose and glucose
Sucrose
39
A carbohydrate used in the creation of beer which is a combination of two glucose molecules
Maltose
40
Found in dairy products which is a combination of galactose and glucose
Lactose
41
A carbohydrate containing three or more monosaccharide molecules
Polysaccharide
42
Acts as a storage form of energy and as structural materials in & around cells
Polysaccharide
43
Starch and Glycogen
Polysaccharide
44
Storage form choice for plants
Starch
45
Storage form for animals, found in the liver and muscle cells
Glycogen
46
Two important structural polysaccharides
Cellulose and Chitin
47
A compound composed of many glucose molecules, is used by plants in the formation of their cell walls
Cellulose
48
An important part of the exoskeletons of arthropods such as insects, spiders, and shellfish
Chitin
49
A macromolecule compound that is composed of chains of amino acids
Protein
50
Consists of a carbon center by an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and an R group
Amino Acid (AA)
51
Stands for "rest of the compound"
R
52
Acidic Amino Acids have
Acidic R Groups
53
Basic amino acids have
Basic R Groups
54
This macromolecule consists of amino acids linked together
Protein
55
Three-dimensional arrangement of a protein caused by hydrogen bonding at regular intervals along the polypeptide backbone
Secondary Structure
55
The order of amino acids that make up the protein
Primary Structure
56
Three-dimensional arrangement of a protein caused by interaction among the various R Groups of the amino acids involved
Tertiary Structure
57
The arrangement of separate polypeptide "subunits" into a single protein. Not all proteins have this structure as many consist of a single polypeptide chain
Quaternary Structure
58
Proteins with only primary and secondary structure
Fibrous Proteins
59
Proteins with only primary, secondary, and tertiary strcutures
Globular proteins
60
These two may contain a quaternary structure if there is more than one polypeptide chain
Fibrous and Globular proteins
61
Composed of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
DNA
62
Adenine and Guanine are a type of nitrogenous base and contains a double-ring structure
Purine
63
Thymine and cytosine are a type of nitrogenous base and contains a single-ring structure
Pyrimidine
64
DNA was arranged in a
Double Helix
65
A and T are held together by
Two Hydrogen Bonds
66
C and G are held together by
Three Hydrogen Bonds
67
The sugar for DNA is
Deoxyribose
68
The two strands of DNA run ____________ to each other, the 5' end to the 3' end
anti-parallel
69
Both have sugar phosphate backbone, and both have four different nucleotides
Similarities between DNA and RNA
70
The nitrogenous bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
RNA
71
Sugar for RNA is
Ribose
72
Has a single-stranded instead of double
RNA
73
Three main types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA), and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
74
This macromolecule contains the elements C, H, O, N
Proteins

Phoebe's Class (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions