Unit 2 Review

Question 1

Cell Walls are in ___________ and _____ _____

Answer 1

Prokaryotes and Plant Cells

Question 2

Protects and shapes the cell

Answer 2

Cell Wall

Question 3

Plasma membranes are in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes. True or False?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Regulates what substances enter and leave a cell

Answer 4

Plasma membrane

Question 5

Ribosomes are in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes. True or False?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Host for protein synthesis; formed in nucleolus. Can be found on Rough ER and Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Ribosomes

Question 7

______ and _____ ___________ _________ are found in animal and plant cells

Answer 7

Smooth and Rough ER

Question 8

Lipid syntheis, detoxification, carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 8

Smooth ER

Question 9

Synthesizes proteins to secrete or send to plasma membrane

Answer 9

Rough ER

Question 10

Modifies lipids, proteins, etc. and sends them to other sites in the cell

Answer 10

Golgi body

Question 11

Hosts major energy-producing steps of cellular respiration

Answer 11

Mitochondria

Question 12

Contains enzymes that digest organic compounds; serves as cell’s stomach

Answer 12

Lysosome

Question 13

Host for transcription, replication, and DNA

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

Breaks down fatty acids, detoxification of alcohol

Answer 14

Peroxisome

Question 15

Site of photosynthesis in plants

Answer 15

Chloroplast

Question 16

Consists of microtubules (cell division, cilia, flagella), microfilaments (muscles), and intermediate filaments (reinforcing position of organelles)

Answer 16

Cytoskeleton

Question 17

Storage valt for cells

Answer 17

Vacuole

Question 18

The vacuole is large in animal cells. True or false?

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Part of microtubule separation apparatus that assists cell division in animal cells

Answer 19

Centriole

Question 20

Plasma membrane is a selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer with proteins of various lengths and sizes interspersed with cholestrol aming the phospholipids

Answer 20

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 21

Proteins implanted within lipid bilayer of plasma membrane

Answer 21

Integral proteins

Question 22

Proteins attached to exterior of membrane

Answer 22

Peropheral proteins

Question 23

Passive movement of substances down their concentration gradient (from high to low concentration)

Answer 23

Diffusion

Question 24

In Osmosis, water moves from the side of ____ solute concentration to the side of ____ solute concentration (hypotonic to hypertonic)

Answer 24

Low, High

Question 25

In Osmosis, water moves from a region of ____ water concentration to a region of ____ water concentration. This flow is the exact same as _______ transport as Osmosis falls in this type of transport.

Answer 25

High, Low, Passive

Question 26

Assisted transport of particles across membrane (no energy input needed)

Answer 26

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 27

Movement of substances against concentration gradient (____ to ____ concentrations)

Answer 27

Active Transport Low to High

Question 28

This type of transport requires energy

Answer 28

Active Transport

Question 29

Phagocytosis of particles into a cell through the use of vesicles

Answer 29

Endocytosis

Question 30

Process by which particles are ejected from the cell, similar to movement in a trash chute

Answer 30

Exocytosis

Question 31

Indicates how freely water molecules can move in a particular environment or system. It os determined by the solute potential and pressure potential of each environment (ψ= ψp+ψs)

Answer 31

Water potential

Question 32

A solution that contains a higher solute concentration when compared to inside the cell (Lysed)

Answer 32

Hypertonic

Question 33

A solutuon that contains a lower solute concentration when compared to inside the cell (Shriveled)

Answer 33

Hypotonic

Question 34

Indicates there is no net movement of water cross the membrane due to an equal concentration of solutes on both sides

Answer 34

Isotonic

Question 35

A process of bringing in droplets of extracellular fluid via tiny vesicles

Answer 35

Pinocytosis

Question 36

A process in which substances are brough into cells by the enclosure of the substance into a membrane-created vesicles that surrounds the substance and escorts it into the cell

Answer 36

Phagocytosis

Question 37

Short and numerous hairs; locomotion or more fluids

Answer 37

Cilia

Question 38

Long tail; propels through water

Answer 38

Flagella

Question 39

Controls what enters/leaves the nucleus

Answer 39

Nuclear pores

Question 40

Complex of DNA; makes up chromosomes

Answer 40

Chromatin

Question 41

Contains hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 41

Lysosomes

Question 42

This organelle has an outer and inner membrane (double)

Answer 42

Mitochondria

Question 43

Folds of the inner membrane. Contains enzymes for ATP production. Increased surface areas to have higher ATP production

Answer 43

Cristae

Question 44

Fluid-filled inner compartment

Answer 44

Matrix

Question 45

Contaisn chlorophylls (pigments) for capturing sunlight energy

Answer 45

Chloroplasts

Question 46

Also called microtubuke organizing center or centrioles. Only animal cells contain centrioles

Answer 46

Centrosomes

Question 47

Sum of all the surface areas (heigh x width) of all box sides x number of boxes

Answer 47

Total Surface Area

Question 48

Heigh x Width x Length x The number of boxes

Answer 48

Volume

Question 49

The surface area divided by the volume

Answer 49

Surface-to-Volume ratio

Question 50

Cells must be _____ to maintain a large surface area to volume ratio

Answer 50

Small

Question 51

Addition of ______ lowers solute potential (negative) and therefore decrases water potential

Answer 51

Solute

Question 52

Proteins transport substaces _______ concentration gradient

Answer 52

against

Question 53

Generate voltage across membrane

Answer 53

Electrogenic Pump

Question 54

Pumps 3 sodium (Na) out and 2 potassium (K) in

Answer 54

Sodium Potassium pump

Question 55

Antiporter and nerve transmission

Answer 55

Sodium Potassium Pump

Question 56

Proposes that the mitochondria and chloroplast originated as free-living Aphaproteobacteria that were internalized by a pre-eukaryotic host cell, leading to the formation of the modern day eukaryotic cell

Answer 56

Endosymbiotic Theory

Question 57

The ________ _________ _____ and ___ __________ are associated with protiens in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Answer 57

Electron Transport Chain and ATP Production

Question 58

_____ surface area to olume ration would be ____ effective at transporting important nutrients

Answer 58

Lower, less

Question 59

Steroids such as testosterone can cross the hydrophobic inner region of the phospholipid bilayer easily. True or False?

Answer 59

True

Question 60

Changing the concentration of the portein will change the availability of the protein outside the cells. True or False?

Answer 60

True

Question 61

Water molecules have no other way to move through the plasma membrane besides ging through aquaporins. True or False?

Answer 61

False. Osmosis exists

Question 62

The ______ _____ of the mitochondria provides evidence that an ancestor of the mitochondria was ingested via endocytosis by a primitive eukaryotic cell

Answer 62

Double Layer

Question 63

Cellulase digests cellulose and damages the structure of the cell wall, not the cell membrane. True or False?

Answer 63

True

Question 64

The membrane proteins from each cell have mixed and drifted within the bilayer, which supports the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes. True or False?

Answer 64

True