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Phoebe's Class > Unit 2 Review > Flashcards

Unit 2 Review Flashcards

AP Biology

1
Q

Cell Walls are in ___________ and _____ _____

A

Prokaryotes and Plant Cells

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2
Q

Protects and shapes the cell

A

Cell Wall

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3
Q

Plasma membranes are in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes. True or False?

A

True

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4
Q

Regulates what substances enter and leave a cell

A

Plasma membrane

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5
Q

Ribosomes are in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes. True or False?

A

True

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6
Q

Host for protein synthesis; formed in nucleolus. Can be found on Rough ER and Cytoplasm

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

______ and _____ ___________ _________ are found in animal and plant cells

A

Smooth and Rough ER

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8
Q

Lipid syntheis, detoxification, carbohydrate metabolism

A

Smooth ER

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9
Q

Synthesizes proteins to secrete or send to plasma membrane

A

Rough ER

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10
Q

Modifies lipids, proteins, etc. and sends them to other sites in the cell

A

Golgi body

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11
Q

Hosts major energy-producing steps of cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

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12
Q

Contains enzymes that digest organic compounds; serves as cell’s stomach

A

Lysosome

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13
Q

Host for transcription, replication, and DNA

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

Breaks down fatty acids, detoxification of alcohol

A

Peroxisome

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15
Q

Site of photosynthesis in plants

A

Chloroplast

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16
Q

Consists of microtubules (cell division, cilia, flagella), microfilaments (muscles), and intermediate filaments (reinforcing position of organelles)

A

Cytoskeleton

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17
Q

Storage valt for cells

A

Vacuole

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18
Q

The vacuole is large in animal cells. True or false?

A

False

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19
Q

Part of microtubule separation apparatus that assists cell division in animal cells

A

Centriole

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20
Q

Plasma membrane is a selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer with proteins of various lengths and sizes interspersed with cholestrol aming the phospholipids

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

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21
Q

Proteins implanted within lipid bilayer of plasma membrane

A

Integral proteins

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22
Q

Proteins attached to exterior of membrane

A

Peropheral proteins

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23
Q

Passive movement of substances down their concentration gradient (from high to low concentration)

A

Diffusion

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24
Q

In Osmosis, water moves from the side of ____ solute concentration to the side of ____ solute concentration (hypotonic to hypertonic)

A

Low, High

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25
Q

In Osmosis, water moves from a region of ____ water concentration to a region of ____ water concentration. This flow is the exact same as _______ transport as Osmosis falls in this type of transport.

A

High, Low, Passive

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26
Q

Assisted transport of particles across membrane (no energy input needed)

A

Facilitated Diffusion

27
Q

Movement of substances against concentration gradient (____ to ____ concentrations)

A

Active Transport

Low to High

28
Q

This type of transport requires energy

A

Active Transport

29
Q

Phagocytosis of particles into a cell through the use of vesicles

A

Endocytosis

30
Q

Process by which particles are ejected from the cell, similar to movement in a trash chute

A

Exocytosis

31
Q

Indicates how freely water molecules can move in a particular environment or system. It os determined by the solute potential and pressure potential of each environment
(ψ= ψp+ψs)

A

Water potential

32
Q

A solution that contains a higher solute concentration when compared to inside the cell (Lysed)

A

Hypertonic

33
Q

A solutuon that contains a lower solute concentration when compared to inside the cell (Shriveled)

A

Hypotonic

34
Q

Indicates there is no net movement of water cross the membrane due to an equal concentration of solutes on both sides

A

Isotonic

35
Q

A process of bringing in droplets of extracellular fluid via tiny vesicles

A

Pinocytosis

36
Q

A process in which substances are brough into cells by the enclosure of the substance into a membrane-created vesicles that surrounds the substance and escorts it into the cell

A

Phagocytosis

37
Q

Short and numerous hairs; locomotion or more fluids

A

Cilia

38
Q

Long tail; propels through water

A

Flagella

39
Q

Controls what enters/leaves the nucleus

A

Nuclear pores

40
Q

Complex of DNA; makes up chromosomes

A

Chromatin

41
Q

Contains hydrolytic enzymes

A

Lysosomes

42
Q

This organelle has an outer and inner membrane (double)

A

Mitochondria

43
Q

Folds of the inner membrane. Contains enzymes for ATP production. Increased surface areas to have higher ATP production

A

Cristae

44
Q

Fluid-filled inner compartment

A

Matrix

45
Q

Contaisn chlorophylls (pigments) for capturing sunlight energy

A

Chloroplasts

46
Q

Also called microtubuke organizing center or centrioles. Only animal cells contain centrioles

A

Centrosomes

47
Q

Sum of all the surface areas (heigh x width) of all box sides x number of boxes

A

Total Surface Area

48
Q

Heigh x Width x Length x The number of boxes

A

Volume

49
Q

The surface area divided by the volume

A

Surface-to-Volume ratio

50
Q

Cells must be _____ to maintain a large surface area to volume ratio

A

Small

51
Q

Addition of ______ lowers solute potential (negative) and therefore decrases water potential

A

Solute

52
Q

Proteins transport substaces _______ concentration gradient

A

against

53
Q

Generate voltage across membrane

A

Electrogenic Pump

54
Q

Pumps 3 sodium (Na) out and 2 potassium (K) in

A

Sodium Potassium pump

55
Q

Antiporter and nerve transmission

A

Sodium Potassium Pump

56
Q

Proposes that the mitochondria and chloroplast originated as free-living Aphaproteobacteria that were internalized by a pre-eukaryotic host cell, leading to the formation of the modern day eukaryotic cell

A

Endosymbiotic Theory

57
Q

The ________ _________ _____ and ___ __________ are associated with protiens in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

A

Electron Transport Chain and ATP Production

58
Q

_____ surface area to olume ration would be ____ effective at transporting important nutrients

A

Lower, less

59
Q

Steroids such as testosterone can cross the hydrophobic inner region of the phospholipid bilayer easily. True or False?

A

True

60
Q

Changing the concentration of the portein will change the availability of the protein outside the cells. True or False?

A

True

61
Q

Water molecules have no other way to move through the plasma membrane besides ging through aquaporins. True or False?

A

False. Osmosis exists

62
Q

The ______ _____ of the mitochondria provides evidence that an ancestor of the mitochondria was ingested via endocytosis by a primitive eukaryotic cell

A

Double Layer

63
Q

Cellulase digests cellulose and damages the structure of the cell wall, not the cell membrane. True or False?

A

True

64
Q

The membrane proteins from each cell have mixed and drifted within the bilayer, which supports the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes. True or False?

A

True

Phoebe's Class (21 decks)

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