Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phoebe's Class > Unit 5 AP Biology Review > Flashcards

Unit 5 AP Biology Review Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the passing of traits from generation to generation

A

Heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Only one copy of each type of chromosome

A

Haploid (n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two copies of each type of chromosome (full sets)

A

Diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Humans have __ different chromosomes. Meaning there are ___ full sets of these __ chromosomes

A

23, two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Contains two cell divisions

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Separation of the homologous pairs into separate cells

A

Meiosis I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Separation of the duplicated sister chromatids into chromosomes

A

Meiosis II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meiosis produces ____ cells from a single cell

A

four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Each chromosome pairs with it’s homologous. The nuclear envelope breaks apart, and spindle apparatus begins to form

A

Prophase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chromosomes align along the equatorial plate matched with their homologous partner. This stage ends with the separation of the homologous pairs

A

Metaphase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Separated homologous pairs move to opposite poles of the cell

A

Anaphase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nuclear membrane reforms the process of cytoplasmic division begins

A

Telophase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

After the daughter cells split, the two newly formed cells are haploid

A

Cytokinesis I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The nuclear envelope breaks apart, and spindle apparatus begins to form

A

Prophase II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sister chromatids line up along the equator of the cell

A

Metaphase II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sister chromatids split apart and are called chromosomes as they are pulled to the poles

A

Anaphase II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The nuclei and the nucleoli for the newly split cells return

A

Telophase II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Newly formed daughter cells physically divide

A

Cytokinesis II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Production of four haploid sperm

A

Spermatogensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

After Meiosis I in females, one cells receives ____ the genetic information and the majority of the _________ of the parent cell. The other cell, _____ ____, simply receives ____ of the genetic information and is cast away

A

half, cytoplasm, polar body, half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

During Meiosis II in females, the remaining cell divides a second time, and forms a _____ ____ that is cast away, and a single haploid ____ that contains ____ the genetic information and nearly ___ the _________ of the original parent.

A

polar body, ovum, half, all, cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Producing gametes that are haploid and consist of one copy of each type of chromosomes

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Each copy will match up with another copy of each type of chromosomes to form the diploid zygote

A

Fertilization

24
Q

The homologous pairs join together

A

Prophase I

25
Q

When the homologous pairs match up during prophase I of meiosis, complementary pieces from the two homologous chromosomes wrap around each other and are exchanged between the chromosomes

A

Crossover

26
Q

A variant of a gene for a particular character

A

Allele

27
Q

The first generation of offspring, or the first “filial” generation in a genetic cross

A

F1

28
Q

The second generation of offspring, or the second “filial generation in a genetic cross

A

F2

29
Q

An organism’s genetic makeup for a given trait

A

Genotype

30
Q

An individual is heterozygous for a gene if the two alleles are different

A

Heterozygous (hybrid)

31
Q

An individual is homozygous for a gene if both of the given alleles are the same

A

Homozygous (pure)

32
Q

A chart that organizes chromosomes in relation to number, size, and type

A

Karyotype

33
Q

The improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis, which leads to an abnormal number of chromosomes in offspring

A

Nondisjunction

34
Q

The parent generation in a genetic cross

A

P1

35
Q

The physical expression of the trait associated with a particular genotype

A

Phenotype

36
Q

What are the three sources of cell variation?

A
  1. Independent Assortment
  2. Random Fertilization
  3. Crossing Over
37
Q

Genetically inherited characteristics that differs from person to person

A

Character

38
Q

Every organism carries pairs of alleles for each trait and the members of the pair segregate during the formation of gametes

A

Law of segregation

39
Q

Members of each pair of factors are distributed independently when the gametes are formed. Quite simply, inheritance of one trait or characteristic does not interfere with inheritance of another trait

A

Law of independent assortment

40
Q

When two opposite pure-breeding varieties of an organism are crossed, all offspring resemble one parent, the dominant trait whereas the recessive trait is hidden

A

Law of dominance

41
Q

An individual heterozygous for a trait shows characteristics not exactly like either parent, a mixture of both of the parents’ genetic input

A

Intermediate inheritance

42
Q

The heterozygous genotype produces an “intermediate” phenotype rather than the dominant phenotype; neither allele dominates the other

A

Incomplete dominance

43
Q

Both alleles express themselves fully in a heterozygous organism

A

Codominance

44
Q

Traits that are affected by more than one gene

A

Polygenic traits

45
Q

Human blood type is an example of ________ _______

A

Multiple Alleles

46
Q

The expression of one gene affects the expression of another gene

A

Epistasis

47
Q

A single gene has multiple effects on an organism

A

Pleiotropy

48
Q

One that is not directly involved in determining the gender

A

Autosomal chromosome

49
Q

Wild-type phenotype

A

More common phenotype for a trait

50
Q

Mutant phenotypes

A

Traits that are different from the normal

51
Q

One of the two X chromosomes in each cell is randomly “shut down” (Barr body) or inactivated. This makes a cell express the alleles only of the active X chromosome

A

X inactivation

52
Q

Traits inherited via the Y chromosome

A

Holandric Traits

53
Q

Genes along the same chromosome that tendon to be inherited together because the chromosome is passed along as a unti

A

Linked Genes

54
Q

Genetic map put together using crossover frequencies

A

Linkage Map

55
Q

Used to geographically relate the genes on the basis of these frequencies

A

Map unit

56
Q
A

Phoebe's Class (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions