Actual Unit 4 AP Biology Review

Question 1

Identify the parts of the chromosome

Answer 1

Look at notecard

Question 2

Identify the parts of the cell cycle

Answer 2

Look at notecard

Question 3

Phase where the cell grows and carries out normal functions

Answer 3

G1 (First Gap) phase

Question 4

Phase where DNA replication and chromosome duplication occurs

Answer 4

S (Synthesis) phase

Question 5

Phase where the final growth happens and prepares for mitosis

Answer 5

G2 (Second Gap) phase

Question 6

A type of cell division in which one cell divides to produce two new cells that are genetically identical to itself

Answer 6

Mitosis

Question 7

The process during cell division where the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells

Answer 7

Cytokinesis

Question 8

If there are 23 chromosomes in a plant cell in G1, what is the diploid number?

Answer 8

46

Question 9

If there are 23 chromosomes in a plant cell in G1, how many chromatids

Answer 9

92

Question 10

If there are 23 chromosomes in a plant cell in G1, what is the haploid number?

Answer 10

23

Question 11

If there are 23 chromosomes in a plant cell in G1, what is the number of centromeres?

Answer 11

46

Question 12

What is another word for centromeres?

Answer 12

Kinetochores

Question 13

Chromatids are doubled in _ _____ and are __ until the cell is split

Answer 13

S phase and 92

Question 14

The stage where chromatin condenses and the mitotic spindles begin to form

Answer 14

Prophase

Question 15

The stage where the nuclear envelope fragments and microtubules enter the nuclear area (some attach to kinetochores)

Answer 15

Prometaphase

Question 16

The stage where centrosomes are at opposite poles and chromosomes line up at the ________ plate

Answer 16

Metaphase

Question 17

The stage where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell as well as the cell elongating

Answer 17

Anaphase

Question 18

The stage where two daughter nuclei form and nucleoli reappear

Answer 18

Telophase

Question 19

Cleavage furrow appears and Cell plates are formed

Answer 19

Cytokinesis

Question 20

Vesicles fuse together along the middle of the cell to complete the separating process in the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 20

Cell Plate
(Plant)

Question 21

A groove formed between two daughter cells that pinches together to complete the separation of the two cells after mitosis

Answer 21

Cleavage furrow
(Animal)

Question 22

Advantage of cell plate

Answer 22

Forms the cell wall for plant cells

Question 23

Advantage of cleavage furrow

Answer 23

Pinches cytoplasm into two lobes that are then separated into two cells

Question 24

Stop and go chemical signals at critical points. These indicate if key cellular processes have been completed correctly

Answer 24

Checkpoints

Question 25

Checkpoint that checks for cell size, growth factors, and DNA damage

Answer 25

G1/S checkpoint

Question 26

Where is G1/S checkpoint located?

Answer 26

Near the end of G1

Question 27

Checks for completion of DNA replication and DNA damage

Answer 27

G2/M Checkpoint

Question 28

Proteins that bind with cyclin dependent kinases to modify target proteins

Answer 28

Cyclins

Question 29

Only active when attached to cyclins

Answer 29

Cyclins dependent kinases

Question 30

This complex acts as a signal for the G2 cells to enter mitosis

Answer 30

Mitosis Promoting Factor

Question 31

What happens when a cell enters G0?

Answer 31

The cell does not divide or prepare to divide. It performs maintenance and other functions

Question 32

What is the purpose of G0?

Answer 32

To repair a cell that is not functioning correctly or has the correct material

Question 33

An example of a cell found in G0

Answer 33

Neurons

Question 34

How is cancer formed?

Answer 34

DNA mutations (60)

Question 35

Cancer cells: Do not ______ ___________ ______ _______ when in culture Evade Continues ________ even with ___

Answer 35

- follow checkpoints - Divide infinitely - apoptosis - dividing, errors

Question 36

Cancer cells would have to lose ______ and _________ dependence

Answer 36

density and anchorage

Question 37

Cancer cells would have to turn off _____ __________ genes and turn on _____________.

Answer 37

Tumor suppressor and proto oncogenes

Question 38

Cancer cells can be identified through the ____ of the _______ as a cancer's cell _______ is much larger than a normal cell's

Answer 38

size and nucleus

Question 39

Used in experiments to ensure that there is no effect when there shouldn't be

Answer 39

Negative control

Question 40

Used in experiments to confirm that the system is functioning correctly and can produce a detectable result

Answer 40

Positive control

Question 41

Phosphorylation by the enzyme

Answer 41

Protein Kinase

Question 42

Dephosphorylation by the enzyme

Answer 42

Protein phosphatase

Question 43

Relays signals inside the cell

Answer 43

Protein Kinase

Question 44

Shuts off pathways

Answer 44

Protein phosphatase

Question 45

Direct contact/Signal communication

Answer 45

Juxtacrine

Question 46

Three different ways Juxtacrine can occur

Answer 46

- Plasmodesmata (Plants) - Gap Junctions (Animal) - Surface Receptors

Question 47

Short distance communication

Answer 47

Paracrine

Question 48

Long distance communication

Answer 48

Endocrine

Question 49

Self signaling communication

Answer 49

Autocrine

Question 50

Three steps to cell communication

Answer 50

Reception, Transduction, and Response

Question 51

Ligands bind to a receptor

Answer 51

Reception

Question 52

Signal is converted

Answer 52

Transduction

Question 53

Cell is altered

Answer 53

Response