Unit 4 AP Biology Review (AP Classroom) Flashcards
Which of the following is a distinction between Metaphase I and Metaphase II in Meiosis?
Homologous pairs of chromosomes are aligned during Metaphase I, but individual chromosomes are aligned during Metaphase II
For sexually reproducing diploid parent cells, which of the following statements best explains thee production of haploid cells that occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
Separation of chromatids occurs once, and there are two rounds of cell division in meiosis
A compound that prevents the separation of the homologous chromosomes in Anaphase I is being studied. What question can be answered during this study?
Is there a pattern to movement of homologous chromosomes in the presence of this compound?
Himalayan rabbits are a breed of rabbits with highly variable fur color. If genetically similar rabbits are raised in environments that have different temperature conditions, the rabbit can have different color patterns. Which of the following statements best explains how the fur color can be different in Himalayan rabbits raised under different temperature conditions?
The environment determines how the genotype is expressed
A model showing the cells in Anaphase I and Anaphase II of meiosis during a nondisjunction event is shown in Figure 1 during Anaphase II. Which of the following best predicts the effect of the chromosomal segregation error shown in Figure 1?
Half of the resulting gametes will have the correct number of chromosomes, and the other half will have an incorrect number of chromosomes
The tadpoles of Mexican spadefoot toads are known to exhibit phenotypic plasticity depending on food availability. Tadpole mouthparts can vary significantly, prompting researchers to categorize them as either omnivore-morph tadpoles when the food supply changes. Which of the following best describes an advantage of the phenotypic plasticity displayed by the tadpoles?
It gives the tadpoles increased versatility with respect to diet
Four trials measuring recombination frequency between gene R and gene L were conducted, and the results are shown in Table 1. The mean map distance between gene R and gene L is closest to which of the following?
Trial 1: 24%
Trial 2: 33%
Trial 3: 26%
Trial 4: 29%
28 map units
When a mustard plant seedling is transferred to an environment with higher levels of carbon dioxide, the new leaves must have a lower stomata-to-surface-area ratio than do the seedling’s original leaves. Which of the following best explains how the leaves from the same plant can have different stomatal densities when exposed to an elevated carbon dioxide level?
Leaf growth is promoted through increased photosynthesis, but the genetically regulated rate of stomatal production is not altered, leading to a decrease in stomatal density
Swwet pea plants have a diploid (2n) chromosome number of 14. Which of the following best explains how the sweet pea plants in the parental generation produce F1 offspring with 14 chromosomes?
Meiosis I and II lead to the formation fo cells with 7 chromosomes. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate. During meiosis II, sister chromatids separate. Two cells combine during fertilization to produce offspring with 14 chromosomes
Which of the following questions would be most useful to researchers trying to determine the role of meiosis in the F2 phenotypic frequencies?
What is the recombnation frequency between the genes for petal shape and pollen shape?
Sex linked chromsomes determine the phenotype of sex in humans. Embryos containing XX chromosomes develop into females, and embryos containing XY chromosomes develop into males. The sex chromosomes separate during meiosis, going to different gamete cells. A woman is heterozygous for the X-linked recessive trait of hemophilia A. If the woman and a man with normal clotting function have children, what is the probability of their children exhibiting hemophilia A?
50 percent for sons, 0 percent for daughters
A model of crossing over during gamete formation is shown in Figure 1. Based on Figure 1, which of the following questions could best be addressed?
Does synapsis of homologous chromosomes in the parent cell contribute to an increase in genetic diversity in the daughter cells?
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate and is observed in each of the three domains. The hexokinase family of enzymes is required during glycolysis to phosphorylate six-carbon sugars. Researchers designed a generalhexokinase inhibitor that is effective in the neurons of rats. Which of the following best predicys the effect of adding this inhibitor to a culture of plant cells?
Plant cells will be unable to perform glycolysis due to the inhibitor and will die
