Unit 5 Lesson 10: Energy and Matter Conservation

Question 1

What happens during cellular respiration

Answer 1

During cellular respiration, chemical energy from oxygen and sugar is changed into ATP. There are many reactions in the process of cellular respiration.

Question 2

The process of cellular respiration can be modeled with this equation:

Answer 2

C6H12O6+6O2→6H2O+6CO2+ATP

In words, the equation says:

glucose+oxygen→water+carbon  dioxide+ATP

Question 3

What are the reacnts and products of cellular respiration

Answer 3

The reactants (the starting chemicals) are oxygen and glucose and the products (the resulting chemicals) are water, carbon dioxide, and ATP.

Question 4

What happens during glycolysis

Answer 4

the first step in the process is glycolysis, during which sugar is changed into pyruvic acid and ATP is released.

Question 5

What happens during the krebs cycle

Answer 5

The second step of the process is the Krebs cycle, during which some ATP is released.

Question 6

What happens during the 3rd step

Answer 6

The third step can happen either after the first step or after the second step, each variant adding one NADH.

Question 7

What happens during the elctron transport

Answer 7

The fourth step is electron transport where more ATP is released and carbon dioxide and water are formed.

Question 8

What is matter

Answer 8

anything that takes up space and has weight

Question 9

What is mass

Answer 9

Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

Question 10

What are the four stages of matter

Answer 10

There are four states of matter; solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

Question 11

What does the law of conservation of matter

Answer 11

The law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 12

What propoerties must a chemical equation have

Answer 12

The equation must be balanced, to show that matter on the reactant side of the equation is the same as matter on the product side of the equation.

Question 13

Does the amount of matter stay the same in a chemmical reaction

Answer 13

The amount of matter at the beginning of a physical or chemical reaction is the same as the amount of matter at the end of the reaction. The amount of matter of the reactants (the starting chemicals) is equal to the amount of matter of the products (the resulting chemicals), even if they are different substances.

Question 14

The main reactants, sugar and oxygen, are matter. The products, water and carbon dioxide, are also matter. What do these have in common

Answer 14

The building blocks of all these compounds include carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, which are also matte

Question 15

Atoms can cpmbime to form what

Answer 15

Atoms can combine with each other in different ways to form new compounds, all of which are also matter.

Question 16

How can you see if a chemical equation is rrqual

Answer 16

To do this, you count the number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation.

Question 17

How can you clacute how many atoms are on both sides

Answer 17

You must multiply the subscripts (small numbers to the left of the chemical) by the coefficients (number in front of the chemical formula).

Question 18

REacnts and products of cellular respitation blanced

Answer 18

Reactants:
* C=6
* h=12
* o=18
Products:
* C=6
* h=12
* o=18

Question 19

How is matter cnoserved during glycolysis

Answer 19

For example, during glycolysis, each glucose (6-carbon molecule) is broken into two pyruvic acids (3-carbon molecule). There are six carbons in the reactants, and six carbons in the products.

Question 20

What is energy

Answer 20

Energy is the ability to do work.

Question 21

What are some forms of enery

Answer 21

There are several forms of energy, including chemical, thermal, sound, radiant, electric, atomic, and mechanical.

Question 22

What is the first law of thermodynamics, the law of conservation of energy

Answer 22

states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed; you can only change from one form of energy to another

Question 23

How is wood an example of law of conservation of energy

Answer 23

Wood has a lot of chemical energy stored in its bonds. When wood burns, the chemical energy is changed into thermal energy; it gives off heat.

Question 24

What is activation energy

Answer 24

They need some amount of energy to start the reaction. This energy is called activation energy.

Question 25

Where does activation energy for cellular respiration come from

Answer 25

In cellular respiration, the activation energy comes from two ATPs that are used at the start of glycolysis. That is why even though glycolysis produces 4 total ATPs per glucose molecule, only 2 ATPs are made as a net gain.

Question 26

No energy is made, and no energy is destroyed. The energy is only changed during cellular respiration elaborate

Answer 26

Only a small bit of the energy in glucose is released during glycolysis (2 ATPs), but a lot of it is within the pyruvic acid molecules. The Krebs cycle releases more energy (2 ATPs), but most of the energy comes out in the electron transport chain (32 ATPs). All of the ATPs in the transport chain only account for about 36% of the energy in one glucose molecule. The rest of the energy in the glucose molecule is changed into thermal energy and released into the atmosphere as heat.

Question 27

What is Fermentation

Answer 27

Fermentation, another natural process, produces alcohols such as ethanol and butanol

Question 28

What do do recent studies show about a new way of aming usefull alchools

Answer 28

Recent studies show that useful alcohols can be made by combining artificial photosynthesis and fermentation.

Question 29

How can alcohlools be made

Answer 29

:Stable molecules of carbon dioxide and water are broken into very unstable carbon monoxide and hydrogen molecules.These molecules are put into a tank with bacteria that use fermentation to combine the molecules into different alcohols.

Question 30

What are these alchools used for

Answer 30

These alcohols, like butanol, can be used commercially for many things such as artificial flavorings, plastics, and industrial solvents.

Question 31

What is bacteria sued for

Answer 31

If a different type of bacteria is used, different chemicals are produced. Ethanol, which can be used in medicines, cosmetics, and even to fuel vehicles, can be produced in this way.

Question 32

Alcohols can be made through the processes of photosynthesis and fermentation. These alcohols can be used for all the following except:
paper
plastic
cosmetics
fuel

Answer 32

paper

Question 33

What are the two main kinds of energy in cellular respiration?

Answer 33

The two main kinds of energy are chemical and thermal energy.

Question 34

Which of the following equations violates the law of conservation of matter?

C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+energy

6CO2+6H2O+light→C6H12O6+6O2

6H2O+5O2+light→C6H12O6+6CO2

6O2+C6H12O6→energy+6H2O+6CO2

Answer

Answer 34

6H2O+5O2+light→C6H12O6+6CO2

Question 35

What is the activation energy that gets the process of cellular respiration started?

Answer 35

Two ATP molecules are used to start glycolysis.

Question 36

What evidence do you have that matter is conserved during glycolysis?

Answer 36

During glycolysis, one glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvic acid molecules. The glucose molecule has six carbons. The pyruvic acid molecules each have three carbons, for a total of six. Matter was conserved.

Question 37

Explain how energy is conserved during cellular respiration.

Answer 37

At each step of cellular respiration, the chemical energy in glucose is released to become chemical energy in the bonds of ATP. But, about 36% of the total energy in glucose is converted to thermal energy and released to the atmosphere as heat.

Question 38

How could you prove that matter is conserved when water changes state from liquid to solid? What about from liquid to gas?

Answer 38

Liquid to solid: I would weigh the water and then ice. They should be equal. Liquid to gas: I would weigh the water and then I would collect the water vapor (gas) and weigh that. They should be equal.

Question 39

Write a hypothesis about how matter and energy are conserved when logs are burned in a campfire. What is the role of adding fire in this process?

Answer 39

Matter: The wood is turned into ashes in the presence of oxygen, plus smoke, which consists of carbon dioxide and water vapor. If you measured the mass of the wood plus the oxygen it used to burn, and then of the ash plus water vapor plus carbon dioxide, the weights should be equal, meaning mass was conserved.

Energy: The wood and the oxygen molecules contain stored chemical energy. Adding fire starts the reaction. The reaction releases light and heat, which can be measured, as well as ashes, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, which contain energy in their bonds and can be measured.

Question 40

Look at the equation below:

C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+energy

How many hydrogens are there in the reactant side of the equation? How many are there in the product side of the equation? Is the equation balanced or unbalanced?

Answer 40

12; 12; balanced

Question 41

Explain the law of conservation of energy in your own words.

Answer 41

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only change form.

Question 41

Which law accounts for the fact that the amount of energy that goes into cellular respiration is the same as the amount of energy that comes out?

Answer 41

law of conservation of energy

Question 41

What happens to the carbons in the glucose molecule during cellular respiration?

Answer 41

The glucose molecule is broken down and its carbons are rearranged and recombined with other atoms to form new compounds, such as pyruvic acid. Carbons are conserved—no net carbon gain or loss.

Question 42

What happens to the chemical energy contained in the bonds of the glucose molecule during cellular respiration?

Answer 42

The chemical energy in the bonds of glucose is in part transferred to ATP molecules (chemical energy), and in part lost to the environment as heat after its conversion to thermal energy.

Question 43

Below is the equation for photosynthesis. Use what you know about conservation of matter in cellular respiration to explain how matter is conserved during photosynthesis.

6CO2+6H2O+light →C6H12O6+6O2

Answer 43

The equation is balanced, which tells me that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation, meaning matter is conserved.

Question 44

Why is it useful to model complex processes?

Answer 44

: Models are tools that help simplify complex ideas or processes. They aid understanding.

Question 45

Name three models you have used or seen.

Answer 45

I have used diagrams of the water cycle, equations of cellular respiration, and I have seen hurricane track predictions on TV.