Unit 2 Lesson 5: You are what you eat

Question 1

How do plants make glucose?

Answer 1

through photosythesis

Question 2

When do chemical reactions occur?

Answer 2

Chemical reactions occur when the chemical structure of a substance changes.

Question 3

What happens to chemical element bonds during phtotsyntheis?

Answer 3

During photosynthesis, the bonds within the carbon dioxide and water are broken and reformed to make oxygen and glucose molecules. All the atoms in carbon dioxide and water molecules become a part of glucose or oxygen.

Question 4

In photosythis what does the 6 in 6H20 mean?

Answer 4

The number 6 in front of H2O
in the photosynthesis reaction is a coefficient; it indicates that there are 6 water molecules.

Question 5

In photosythis what does the 2 in 6H20 mean?

Answer 5

. The small 2 after the hydrogen is a subscript; it indicates that there are two hydrogen atoms per water molecule.

Question 6

What does it mena if there are no subscripts or coefficients?

Answer 6

If there are no subscripts or coefficients, assume the number equals one.

Question 7

How many hydrogen atoms are in photosynthesis?

Answer 7

you can determine there are a total of 12 hydrogens (coefficient 6 x subscript 2) entering the reaction.

Question 8

How many oxygen atoms are in photosynthesis?

Answer 8

There are 6 oxygen atoms from water and 12 oxygen atoms from the carbon dioxide, forming a total of 18 oxygen atoms.

Question 9

How many carbon atoms are in photosynthesis?

Answer 9

There are six carbon atoms because there are 6 carbon dioxide molecules.

Question 10

What are the total numer of atoms in the reactants in phototsynthies?

Answer 10

Therefore, the total number of atoms in the reactants is 12 hydrogens, 18 oxygens, and 6 carbon atoms.

Question 11

How does phtotsythis demonstare conservation of matter?

Answer 11

If we count the number of atoms in the glucose and oxygen that form during the reaction, we can see that the number and types of atoms are identical. This is called the conservation of matter.

Question 12

What is conservation of matter?

Answer 12

During chemical reactions matter is not created or destroyed; it can simply change forms. All the atoms that entered photosynthesis are found in the products, glucose and oxygen.

Question 13

How does Conservation of matter applie to growth and repair of body tissue?

Answer 13

plants perform chemical reactions with glucose molecules to build larger molecules, like starch and cellulose. Starch is a storage form of sugar in plants. Starch makes up much of the matter in storage organs, such as fruits and tubers.

Question 14

What is Cellulose?

Answer 14

Cellulose is also a carbohydrate made from glucose molecules.

Question 15

What does cellulose do in the cell?

Answer 15

The cellulose in cell walls gives the plants structure and helps the plants stay upright.

Question 16

As the plants grow what do they use glucose for?

Answer 16

When plants grow, they use the elements in glucose to form other biomolecules such as starch, cellulose, proteins, and DNA.

Question 17

How do animals recive glucose?

Answer 17

Animals cannot make their own glucose, so they must receive all their food matter by eating other organisms.

Question 18

Explain a cows gluocse process?

Answer 18

A cow receives the glucose it needs by eating grass and other plants. The cow’s digestive system performs many chemical reactions that break down the plants into smaller molecules. The cow then uses these molecules to create new biomolecules that grow new cells, repair body tissues, and perform other cell functions.

Question 19

Growth and repair require energy. What does glucose have to do with this?

Answer 19

Glucose has energy stored within its bonds, but the cells cannot use this energy directly.

Question 20

What is celluar respiration?

Answer 20

the process of taking the energy stored in the chemical bonds of sugar and oxygen and converting it to useable energy; is a series of chemical reactions that uses glucose and oxygen to make ATP.

Question 21

What is ATP?

Answer 21

ATP is an energy molecule that can be used by the cell for life processes.

Question 22

How do animlas use oxygen?

Answer 22

Animals and other organisms take in this atmospheric oxygen and use it for their own cellular respiration process.

Question 23

How do plants use oxygen?

Answer 23

The oxygen formed during photosynthesis can be used by plants during cellular respiration. Plants can also take in more oxygen through their leaves and release excess oxygen into the atmosphere.

Question 24

What does organisms are what they eat mean?

Answer 24

Due to the law of the conservation of matter, all atoms that enter a chemical reaction will be used to make the substances formed during the chemical reaction. This means that organisms are what they eat! The food matter that enters the body can be used to make biomolecules that will grow and repair the body.

Question 25

A person eats a sandwich for lunch. Explain how the phrase “you are what you eat” relates to how the food matter in this sandwich will be used by the person’s body for growth and repair.

Answer 25

The person’s body will perform a series of chemical reactions that break down the food matter in the sandwich. The elements and molecules that form will be used by the body to create new biomolecules that will be used for growth, repair, and other body functions. These biomolecules include DNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.

Question 26

How does this model of the cow’s digestive system relate to the model of cellular respiration? In your answer, explain how conservation of matter occurs as the molecules in the grass change forms.

Answer 26

The cow’s digestive system breaks down grass into glucose and other biomolecules. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen from the atmosphere to produce energy. All the matter in the grass is conserved, as it is broken down and used to make new biomolecules. During cellular respiration, all the matter that enters the chemical reactions are found in the reactants.

Question 27

explain how some of the carbon taken in during photosynthesis becomes carbon that makes up DNA when the plant grows new cells.

Answer 27

1. The plant absorbs carbon dioxide from the environment.
2. During photosynthesis, the carbon in carbon dioxide is used to make glucose molecules.
3. The plant performs chemical reactions that use glucose to make other biomolecules. Carbon elements from the glucose molecules are used to make nucleic acids.
4. The nucleic acids are used to form DNA.

Question 28

The leaves on this tree were damaged by a disease. If the tree survives, it will need to replace these leaves. Explain how the food the plant makes during photosynthesis can be used to make this repair.

Answer 28

The plants will absorb water and carbon dioxide from the environment to make glucose during photosynthesis. The elements from this glucose can be used to make the cellulose that makes up the cell walls in the leaves, the DNA inside of leaf cells, or the proteins that allow the leaf cells to perform their function.

Question 29

Explain how you would develop a model that shows how the food matter you take into your body is rearranged during a chemical reaction to perform other biomolecules.

Answer 29

I would draw a digestive system and show that food breaks down into other molecules, including glucose. I could show that oxygen that enters the body through the lungs chemically reacts with glucose during cellular respiration to make ATP.

Question 30

Cells use glucose directly as an energy source for the formation of proteins and the replication of DNA.

Answer 30

false; Glucose contains energy, but this energy is not directly usable by cells. Cellular respiration converts glucose into ATP, a usable form of energy.

Question 31

Recall that matter is conserved in chemical reactions. Explain how matter is conserved during photosynthesis.

Answer 31

During photosynthesis, a plant takes in carbon dioxide and water. All of the atoms in these molecules are used to make glucose and oxygen. Therefore, the total amount of matter is conserved.

Question 32

Green anoles eat insects and other small invertebrates. Green anoles can lose their tail if they are trapped or captured by a predator. Explain how the food matter the anole eats helps it to grow a new tail.

Answer 32

The green anole’s digestive system breaks down the food from their prey’s body into smaller molecules and elements. Chemical reactions occur that change these molecules and elements into biomolecules that build the structure of the tail. The anole also uses glucose and oxygen to perform cellular respiration. This provides energy for the anole to build and repair the tail.

Question 33

Wound healing requires the interaction of many different body systems. What role does the immune system play?

Answer 33

The immune system helps to protect the body from pathogens and breaks down dead or damaged tissue.

Question 34

Wound healing requires the interaction of many different body systems. What role does the circulatory system play?

Answer 34

The circulatory system forms a blood clot to close the wound.

Question 35

The wound healing process requires lots of energy; where does this energy come from?

Answer 35

This process requires a lot of energy. This energy is produced when glucose and oxygen are used to make ATP during cellular respiration .

Question 35

Wound healing requires the interaction of many different body systems. What role does the integumentary system play?

Answer 35

The integumentary system grows new tissue to replace the damaged skin.

Question 36

What is poor circulation caused by and what are the side effects?

Answer 36

Poor circulation is often caused by a chronic disease such as atherosclerosis. One of the side effects of poor circulation is slow wound healing.

Question 37

atherosclerosis, a disease that develops when plaques of fatty biomolecules deposit in the walls of the blood vessels. How will this disease likely affect wound healing and circulation?

Answer 37

This will likely decrease both circulation and wound healing. Poor circulation slows the delivery of the immune system cells required for wound healing. It also slows the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the site of the wound.

Question 38

Give two examples of processes that would require ATP during wound healing.

Answer 38

1. the formation of new body cells
2. the creation of proteins needed for wound-healing functions
3. cell division to create new body cells
4. immune system actions

Question 39

Explain how “you are what you eat” relates to efficient wound healing. In your answer, predict what would happen to a person’s wound healing ability if he did not eat an adequate diet.

Answer 39

“You are what you eat” is true because the elements in food matter are used to build and repair the body. If a person does not eat an adequate diet he will not have the elements and molecules he needs to create the biomolecules needed to heal his wounds effectively.

Question 40

People with diabetes are at risk for poor circulation and nerve damage. Doctors often recommend that people with diabetes inspect their feet regularly for wounds. In extreme cases, an untreated foot wound on a person with diabetes can lead to a dangerous infection that can eventually lead to amputation of the limb.
Why would poor circulation lead to the development of infections at wound sites? In your answer, explain how this effect relates to the body’s ability to build and repair new tissue.

Answer 40

Poor circulation would slow the response of the immune system to the wound site, increasing the risk of infection. It would also slow the delivery of oxygen to the tissues that need to heal the wound, decreasing the body’s ability to build and repair tissue.

Question 41

Glocuse VS ATP

Answer 41

Glucose is a storable form of energy while ATP is a usable form of energy