Unit 2 LEsson 3: What all Biomolecules have in common

Question 1

Plants need to take in matter from the environment to perform photosynthesis Describe this process?

Answer 1

The leaves take in carbon dioxide (CO2)
from the atmosphere, and the roots or root-like structures absorb water (H2O)
from the soil. The molecules that enter the photosynthesis reaction contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. These three atoms also make up the glucose that forms during the reaction. These three elements make up all biomolecules.

Question 2

What does monosaccharide mean?

Answer 2

a simple sugar made up of one sugar molecule. The word part mono means “one,” and saccharide means “sugar.”

Question 3

What is glucose?

Answer 3

a momosaccharide

Question 4

What are the budling blocks for carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Sugars are the building blocks of carbohydrates.

Question 5

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates are biomolecules that provide energy and structure to organisms.

Question 6

What does Disaccharides mean?

Answer 6

a sugar made of 2 monosaccharides; are made up of two sugar molecules (di- means “two”).

Question 7

What is an example of a disaccharide?

Answer 7

An example of a disaccharide is lactose, a sugar found in milk.

Question 8

What is lactose main out of?

Answer 8

Lactose contains one glucose molecule and one galactose molecule.

Question 9

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 9

a sugar made of 3 or more monosaccharides / is a complex carbohydrate that is made up of multiple sugar molecules (poly- means “many”).

Question 10

What is starch?

Answer 10

a polysaccharide made up of long strands of glucose molecules / a polysaccharide made up of long strands of glucose molecules.

Question 11

What do Polysaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides have in common dispite having different structures?

Answer 11

Polysaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides all have different structures, but they are all made up of three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 12

The carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that make up sugars can also be used by organisms to make up

Answer 12

amino acids

Question 13

What are amino acids?

Answer 13

the building blocks of protein

Question 14

Proteins are made of ..

Answer 14

amino acids

Question 15

What do proteins do?

Answer 15

Proteins are made of amino acids and are used to build body tissue and perform the life functions of cells.

Question 16

What does the word amino refer to?

Answer 16

The word amino refers to the amino group present in all amino acids.

Question 17

What do amino groups contain?

Answer 17

Amino groups contain a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogens.

Question 18

How does nitrogen travel for lving thing to lving thing?

Answer 18

s. Plants absorb nitrogen from the soil. Animals consume nitrogen when they eat plants or other animals.

Question 19

Amino acids groups describe

Answer 19

Amino acids also have a carboxyl group that consists of a carbon bonded to an OH
group and double-bonded to oxygen. The R-group, or side group, is unique to each amino acid.

Question 20

What happens when amino acids bond together?

Answer 20

Amino acids bond together to form very long and complex structures called proteins.

Question 21

All proteins are made out of what?

Answer 21

All proteins are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Question 22

What are ribose and deoxyribose made out of?

Answer 22

Glucose can be used to make ribose and deoxyribose, the two sugars that make up nucleic acids.

Question 23

What is nucleic acids

Answer 23

biomolecules that store genetic information for body cells.

Question 24

What are Nucleotides?

Answer 24

the building blocks of nucleic acids.

Question 25

What is a nucleotide made out of?

Answer 25

A nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a 5-carbon sugar.

Question 26

What is a Ribose and where is it found?

Answer 26

Ribose is the sugar found in RNA, and deoxyribose is the sugar found in DNA.

Question 27

How are glucose, ribose and deoxyribose similar and different?

Answer 27

Like glucose, ribose and deoxyribose are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen but they have different chemical structures.

Question 28

What is glucose?

Answer 28

Glucose is a 6-carbon monosaccharide.

Question 29

What are Ribose and deoxyribose?

Answer 29

Ribose and deoxyribose are 5-carbon monosaccharides.

Question 30

What are lipids?

Answer 30

Biomolecules that make up cell membranes, store energy, and act as chemical messengers in the body are lipids.

Question 31

What are fatty acids?

Answer 31

The building blocks of lipids are fatty acids.

Question 32

What are lipids made out of?

Answer 32

Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen just like carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 33

What similarities are found in the chemical structures of the four main types of biomolecules?

Answer 33

The four main types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. They all contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Question 34

Alanine is an amino acid. How is deoxyribose different from alanine?

Answer 34

Deoxyribose is a 5-carbon sugar. It is made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Alanine contains nitrogen within its amino group. It also contains an R group, which deoxyribose does not have.

Question 35

What are the similarities and differences in the chemical structure between a disaccharide and a protein?

Answer 35

Both biomolecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Proteins also contain nitrogen and sometimes sulfur, depending on the types of amino acids that make up the proteins.

Question 36

What is the Chemical structure of RNA

Answer 36

A nuleic acid that contains ribose

Question 37

What is teh chemical structure of Deoxrytibose?

Answer 37

a five carbon suagr

Question 38

What is the chemical strucature of lactose

Answer 38

A disaccharide made up of glucose and galactose

Question 39

What is the chemical strcture of serine

Answer 39

a carboxyl group, an amino gorup and a R group

Question 40

The human body stores some extra sugar consumed in the diet as lipids. Use your knowledge of the chemical structures of lipids and sugar to explain how this is possible.

Answer 40

Sugar and fats are made up of the same elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugar can undergo chemical reactions with other molecules to break the bonds within the sugar molecules and rearrange these elements to form lipids.

Question 41

Collagen is a structural protein that makes up your bones, tendons, and ligaments. Explain why a healthy diet is important to make adequate collagen.

Answer 41

Humans eat plants, animals, and other organisms. The biomolecules within these organisms are broken down within our digestive system into smaller molecules and elements. These molecules and elements undergo chemical reactions to become new biomolecules that our body needs. Collagen is a protein, which means it is made up of amino acids. The elements that make up these amino acids come from the foods we eat. Therefore, a healthy diet that meets all of our nutrient needs is important to make collagen and other biomolecules

Question 42

Are there just one type of enzymes?

Answer 42

The human digestive system contains many different enzymes.

Question 43

What are Enzymes?

Answer 43

. Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions; and proteins are made of a chain of amino acids.

Question 44

Enzyme work to break down..

Answer 44

enzyme works to break down the disaccharide sucrose into two monosaccharides, fructose and glucose.

Question 45

What is Lactase?

Answer 45

Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose, a disaccharide found in dairy products.

Question 46

People who are lactose intolerant have a…

Answer 46

deficiency in lactase; they do not produce enough for digestion.

Question 47

lactose intolerance can lead to

Answer 47

This can lead to indigestion and other gastrointestinal symptoms.

Question 48

How do people become lactose intolerant?

Answer 48

Some people are born without enough lactase, so they are lactose intolerant from birth. The amount of lactase in the body can also decrease as a person ages, causing lactose intolerance to develop later in life. Lactose intolerance can also develop when a person has a disease that damages the intestinal tract, such as celiac disease or Crohn’s disease.

Question 49

Lactase in the enzyme that breaks down..

Answer 49

Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down lactose into monosaccharides.

Question 50

Why are digestive enzymes important to the formation of new biomolecules in the body?

Answer 50

Enzymes break down the biomolecules in the food we eat. This allows the body to use these smaller molecules to form new biomolecules.

Question 51

How does lactose intolerance affect the ability of the body to make new biomolecules?

Answer 51

Lactose intolerance prevents the body from fully breaking down lactose into smaller monosaccharides. This prevents the body from using the elements within these simple sugars to form other types of molecules.

Question 52

In addition to lactose, dairy products also contain proteins and fats. Based on this information, explain why it is beneficial for some people with lactose intolerance to take medication that allows them to eat some dairy products. Your answer should relate to the body’s ability to build new biomolecules.

Answer 52

Humans need to eat some protein and fat in order to create the biomolecules they need to survive. The proteins can be broken down into amino acids to form other proteins. Fats can be broken down to use or store energy or to make up cell membranes.