Unit 3 Lesson 4 Cell structures

Question 1

What is a membrane- bound organelle

Answer 1

an organelle that is enclosed by a membrane

Question 2

What is an organelle

Answer 2

a small structure within a cell that performs a specific function, similar to organs in the body

Question 3

What are cells

Answer 3

the smallest unit of life that displays all of the characteristics of life

Question 4

What is a eukaryote

Answer 4

a type of cell that contains membrane-bound organelles

Question 5

What is a prokaryote

Answer 5

a type of cell that lacks membrane-bound organelles

Question 6

What are examples of cells the have a membrane-bound organelles

Answer 6

Eukaryotes, such as plants, animals, and fungi, are cells that have membrane-bound organelles.

Question 7

Are Eukaryotic cells mutilcellular or unicellular

Answer 7

Eukaryotic organisms also tend to be multicellular, but there are unicellular eukaryotes.

Question 8

What are protists

Answer 8

These single-celled eukaryotes are known as protists.

Question 9

In muticellular organisms how can cells diferntitates in the sense of specizaling in a spfeic function

Answer 9

In a multicellular organism, such as humans, some cells can differentiate and specialize for a specific function. While all cells in an organism’s body have organelles, some cells are more specialized than others.

Question 10

What tasks do specialzed cells do

Answer 10

Specialized cells carry out a specific function, such as transporting a certain material or doing a certain job.

Question 11

Give some examples of specialized cells

Answer 11

Specialized cells include nerve cells, blood cells and reproductive cells.

Question 11

The arrangement of organelles varies by cell type. Give examples

Answer 11

For example, liver cells produce a lot of lipids, or fats, and help to detoxify waste products in the body. Because of this, liver cells tend to have more smooth endoplasmic reticulum than other cells. Also, red blood cells in humans are so specialized for transporting oxygen that they lack a nucleus.

Question 11

Organelle: cytoplasm function and which cells have it

Answer 11

a gel-like fluid that fills a cell that allows organelles to move freely through the cell; all cell types

Question 12

Organelle: cell wall function and which cells have it

Answer 12

a stiff layer of cellulose outside of a plant cell membrane that gives structure and support to the cell; all cell types except animal cells

Question 13

Organelle: cell membrane function and which cells have it

Answer 13

a lipid bilayer outside of the cytoplasm of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell; all cell types

Question 14

Organelle: nucleus function and which cells have it

Answer 14

a membrane-bound organelle that serves as the control center of the cell and contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA); only in eukaryotes

Question 15

Organelle: chloroplast function and which cells have it

Answer 15

a membrane-bound organelle serving as the site of carbohydrate (sugar) production in plant cells; captures light for photosynthesis, which makes glucose and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide; only in plant cells

Question 15

Organelle: mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria) function and which cells have it

Answer 15

a membrane-bound organelle serving as the energy-producing structure of the cell and location of cellular respiration; only in eukaryotes

Question 16

Organelle: ribosome function and which cells have it

Answer 16

floats in the cytoplasm or attaches to endoplasmic reticulum and is site of protein synthesis; all cell types

Question 17

Organelle: lysosome function and which cells have it

Answer 17

a membrane-bound organelle that serves as the sites of cellular digestion and contains digestive enzymes that break down worn-out cell parts; only in animal cells

Question 18

Organelle: endoplasmic reticulum function and which cells have it

Answer 18

a membrane-bound organelle that is a long, tube-like structure that makes, folds, changes and move proteins around the cell; may be rough or smooth; the rough version has ribosomes attached to it; only in eukaryotes

Question 19

Organelle: vacuole function and which cells have it

Answer 19

a membrane-bound organelle that serves as a storage area; plants have a central vacuole that stores water and can also store pigments; only in eukaryotes (much larger in plant cells)

Question 19

Organelle: Golgi apparatus
function and which cells have it

Answer 19

a membrane-bound organelle that is a series of folded membranes; packages proteins and other materials into vesicles to be inserted into a membrane, packaged into an organelle, or shipped to the outside of the cell; only in eukaryotes

Question 20

Plant cells vs animal cells

Answer 20

You have already seen that plant cells have a few organelles that animal cells do not. These include the cell wall, the chloroplasts, and the large central vacuole. Animal cells have lysosomes, while plant cells do not. Finally, notice that prokaryotes do not have any of the membrane-bound organelles.

Question 21

Animal cells can vary in the number of certain organelles that they contain. Give an example

Answer 21

For example, your heart muscles are always contracting and relaxing to keep blood flowing through your body. This effort takes a lot of energy. The cells that make up heart muscles have a lot of mitochondria (the organelles that produce energy). The following micrograph shows a close-up of heart muscle cells.

Question 22

Why does walking and runnig need lots of mitochondria

Answer 22

Skeletal muscle cells are responsible for the movement of an organism, so they also have a lot of mitochondria. Walking and running use a lot of different muscles, all of which need a large supply of energy. Extra mitochondria meet that energy need.

Question 23

Chlorpalsts

Answer 23

Similarly, plant cells can vary in the number of chloroplasts they contain. Leaves are the main sites of photosynthesis so their cells contain the most chloroplasts. The stems of many plants are also green, meaning they contain chlorophyll. However, since stems are often shaded by leaves or other plants, they do not collect as much light. Their cells contain few chloroplasts.

Question 24

What is the function of the ribosomes in cells?

Answer 24

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

Question 25

What is the purpose of the plant cell wall?

Answer 25

The plant cell wall provides structure and support for the plant cell.

Question 26

Why do animal muscle cells have more mitochondria than other types of cells?

Answer 26

The mitochondria produce energy for the cell. Muscles are responsible for the movement of the organism so muscle cells need more energy.

Question 27

What would happen to an animal cell if its lysosomes were to burst?

Answer 27

The digestive enzymes within the lysosomes would leak into the cytoplasm and break down other organelles.