Unit 3 Lesson 7: Recycling of Matter Flashcards
What is one way nature recycles matter
The carbon cycle is one way that nature recycles matter.
photosynthesis
the process during which green plants and some other organisms use carbon dioxide and water to convert light energy into chemical energy using carbon dioxide and water
cellular respiration
the process of using glucose and oxygen to create energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate or ATP
radiant energy
energy from the sun (also known as light energy)
Photosynthesis requires an energy input of ? from the sun to take place.
radiant energy
What is the reaction of photosynthesis
In this reaction, matter inputs—carbon dioxide and water—combine to form carbon-based organic molecules (known as glucose) and release oxygen The energy output of photosynthesis is the chemical energy stored in the bonds of the glucose molecule while the matter outputs are oxygen molecules.
The same molecules used during photosynthesis are then passed to other organisms in the ecosystem and the environment. What happens to the chemical energy and oxygen?
The stored chemical energy is passed to primary consumers and throughout the food webs of the ecosystem. Oxygen is passed into the air from the leaves of plants. Animals then inhale this oxygen, which is needed for the process of cellular respiration.
What does cellular respiration in plants and animals invovle
Cellular respiration in plants and animals involves chemical reactions with oxygen that release stored energy. The carbon containing glucose molecules reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and a usable form of energy for organisms known as adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. Carbon dioxide is then released by the organism and the ATP is used or stored.
What do all Heterotrophs and all other living organisms convert oxygen and sugar into.
Heterotrophs and all other living organisms convert oxygen and sugar into energy during cellular respiration.
There are two types of cellular respiration.
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and anaerobic respiration does not. Aerobic respiration can produce a large amount of energy. Anaerobic respiration produces a smaller amount of energy. The process of fermentation for making foods such as bread and sauerkraut is anaerobic.
aerobic respiration
This process of cellular respiration is known as aerobic respiration since there is oxygen present. Aerobic respiration is more efficient, produces large amounts of energy, and is happening consistently in some organisms such as plants and animals.
Why does anaerobic respiration produce a small amount of eneergy
Anaerobic respiration produces a small amount of energy since glucose is not broken all the way down in this process.
Where can Anaerobic respiration happen
Anaerobic respiration can happen in some plant cells and is used by microorganisms such as yeast.
When can Anaerobic respiration happen in humans?
When a short burst of energy is needed, such as sprinting, humans will also use anaerobic respiration.
What happens when humans use Anaerobic respiration
This process will create a buildup of lactic acid as the matter output from respiration and can lead to sore muscles.
What happens to the latic acid formed due to anaerotbic respiration
Lactic acid is then taken to the liver to be converted either to glucose or broken down further into molecules of water and carbon dioxide.
importance of decompers
These organisms are referred to as decomposers and play a part in the recycling of matter and energy back into the ecosystem. The deposits of nutrients into the soil allow new producers to grow and continue the process of converting radiant or light energy into a source of usable chemical energy for the rest of the ecosystem. Without decomposers, waste and dead organisms would pile up in ecosystems. In addition, nutrients and molecules from wastes and dead organisms would not be able to return to the ecosystem, affecting the growth and population of other organisms.
Describe how matter and energy are conserved through photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Energy is conserved because radiant energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy that is stored in the bonds of glucose in photosynthesis. Glucose is converted into ATP during cellular respiration. Matter is conserved because the molecules of photosynthesis are also used during the process of cellular respiration. These molecules are just rearranged during the different processes.
How is carbon recycled through the photosynthesis and cellular respiration processes?
Carbon that is found in the carbon dioxide molecules is taken in by the organisms that are undergoing photosynthesis. During this process glucose, which is a carbon containing organic molecules, is produced and stored as chemical energy. This is passed on when plants are consumed and then used during cellular respiration. Carbon dioxide is then given off during cellular respiration. Carbon can also be released by decomposers from dead or decaying plant material. Examples of decomposers are fungi and certain types of bacteria. These carbon molecules are put back into the soil and are available for use in new growth.
How are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
The inputs of photosynthesis are the outputs of cellular respiration. This is also the same for the inputs of cellular respiration and the outputs of photosynthesis.
Where is chemical energy stored that is used in cellular respiration?
Responses
In carbon dioxide and water
In the bonds of glucose molecules
In the chloroplast in plant cells
In the leaves and stems of plants
In the bonds of glucose molecules
Explain the equation for photosynthesis in words.
The equation for photosynthesis is 6 molecules of carbon dioxide react with 6 molecules of water and radiant energy from the sun. This reaction makes 1 molecule of glucose and 6 molecules of oxygen.
How are molecules cycled back through the ecosystem?
Molecules are cycled back through the ecosystem when organisms die. Decomposers break down dead and decaying organisms and return their molecules back into the ecosystem.
Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen. This process is more efficient. Anaerobic respiration takes place without oxygen and is not as efficient. This is used when energy is needed quickly. Both produce energy.
there are some advantages to anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration can act as a backup when oxygen is depleted in multicellular organisms, such as humans. If muscles use up oxygen faster than it can be brought to the muscles, then anaerobic respiration kicks in, which is helpful in emergency situations.
anaerobe
an organism that relies on just anaerobic respiration and is an important decomposer
Nevaeh states that anaerobic respiration is important in the food industry. Is this statement correct? If so, can her statement be made stronger with additional reasoning? If not, what is the correct reasoning?
Neveah is correct in her reasoning. Fermentation is the process organisms such as yeast undergo to create energy. During this process, carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol are created and release air bubbles. This is what makes bread dough rise to make bread products.
Ali is walking to the park. During this walk Ali notices a large animal and starts to run away. Describe how anaerobic respiration is helpful in this scenario.
While Ali is running, his muscles may use oxygen faster than it can be replaced. Anaerobic respiration will kick in, allowing Ali to continue to run to safety.
There are some areas, such as marshes, where oxygen is lower in the water. Plant roots that are in waterlogged soil that does not receive a lot of oxygen can undergo anaerobic respiration. Why does this adaptation help these plants survive?
Plant roots will be able to use anaerobic respiration to break down glucose in the roots that was produced during photosynthesis. Plants still undergo cellular respiration and are not able to use the oxygen that is found in water.
Some scientists believe that aerobic respiration is best since it is performed in many multicellular organisms. Provide a response that includes the benefits of anaerobic respiration.
While aerobic respiration is more efficient in energy production, there are still several benefits of anaerobic respiration. This process is helpful to multicellular organisms during times of strenuous exercise or emergency situations when oxygen may not get to muscles quickly enough. Not needing oxygen means these organisms can live in places where other organisms that rely on oxygen cannot. Plants that live in water or in waterlogged soil can use anaerobic respiration in their roots for energy. Food industries rely on the fermentation process of anaerobic respiration for food such as bread products.
