Unit 2: Lesson 4: The Essential Sugar Molecule

Question 1

What part of a plant perform photosynthesis?

Answer 1

plants have cellular structures called chloroplasts, the organelles that perform photosynthesis.

Question 2

What happens during photosynthesis

Answer 2

During photosynthesis, plants use light energy to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 3

What is glucose?

Answer 3

Glucose is a simple six-carbon sugar.

Question 4

Glucose molecules can bond together to form what kind of biomolecule?

Answer 4

Glucose molecules can bond together to form larger carbohydrates.

Question 5

How many electrons does carbon have, how many more elctrons can carbon have have in its outer shell?

Answer 5

Recall that carbon has four electrons in its outer shell, which means it can accept four more electrons.

Question 6

How many electrons does oxygen have, how many more elctrons can oxygen have have in its outer shell?

Answer 6

. Oxygen has six electrons in its outer shell, so it can hold two more electrons.

Question 7

How many electrons does hydrogen have, how many more elctrons can hydrogen have have in its outer shell?

Answer 7

Hydrogen can only accept one more electron because it can hold a maximum of two electrons in its outer shell.

Question 8

What is starch?

Answer 8

A carboyhydrate that is made of long glucose chains/ a carbohydrate formed by bonded glucose molecules.

Question 9

What is the chemical structure of starch molecules

Answer 9

. In starch molecules, glucose molecules are bonded to one another by an oxygen atom. The oxygen atom shares one electron with a carbon atom from each glucose molecule. Glucose molecules bond at the OH
site.

Question 10

Describe the dhydration synthesis of strach

Answer 10

For two glucose molecules to bond, one glucose releases a hydrogen atom and the other glucose needs to release an OH
group, allowing the carbons to bond with the remaining oxygen. The two released elements form water, or H2O
.

Question 11

What is dehydration synthesis

Answer 11

a chemical reaction in which water is removed during the formation of a new molecule

Question 12

What is cellulose and how does it form

Answer 12

. Cellulose, a carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls in plants, forms from the same process. Forms same as strach; dehydration synthesis

Question 13

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 13

Cellular respiration is the process that produces ATP from glucose and oxygen.

Question 14

What does ATP do?

Answer 14

ATP is an energy molecule that can be used for many life processes, including the formation of different types of biomolecules.

Question 15

Do all glucose molecules that enter cellular respiration complete the eintre process of producing ATP, if not what else do they do?

Answer 15

Not all glucose molecules that enter cellular respiration complete the entire process of producing ATP. Certain molecules formed during the process of cellular respiration leave the process early and are used to make other biomolecules.

Question 16

What is Pyruvate used for?

Answer 16

glycolysis uses glucose to produce ATP and pyruvate. Pyruvate can also be used to produce the amino acid alanine, which is needed to produce proteins. The steps of the citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, also produce molecules that can be used to make amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein.

Question 17

To make amino acids from sugar, organisms need to take in what?

Answer 17

nitrogen.

Question 18

How do plants absorb nitrates and nitrogen

Answer 18

Plants absorb nitrates and other nitrogen compounds through the soil.

Question 19

How do animals receive nitrogen

Answer 19

. Animals receive nitrogen by eating plants, animals, and other organisms.

Question 20

How are plants able to make amino acids?

Answer 20

Plants can make all the amino acids they need from glucose and nitrogen compounds

Question 21

Where do humans get amino acids?

Answer 21

Humans can make some amino acids, but other amino acids need to come from their diet.

Question 22

What does the formation of nucleic acid require?

Answer 22

The formation of nucleic acids also requires nitrogen

Question 23

What are nucleotides?

Answer 23

the building block of nucleic acids

Question 24

What do all nucleotides contain

Answer 24

sugar

Question 25

What does RNA contian

Answer 25

ribose

Question 26

What does DNA contain

Answer 26

deoxyribose

Question 27

What is the chemical structre of deoxyribose?

Answer 27

Deoxyribose is a sugar made from a glucose molecule known as glucose-6-phosphate.

Question 28

Formation of DNA

Answer 28

DNA has a double helix shape that resembles a ladder. The sugar and phosphate form the sides of the ladder, and the nitrogen bases form the ladder rungs. DNA contains the genetic information for all living things. Therefore, without sugar, life could not exist!

Question 29

Based on the video, why is sugar essential for life?

Answer 29

The carbon backbone of sugar is used to make the building blocks for all other biomolecules, including amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Question 29

How does the process of photosynthesis relate to protein production in plants?

Answer 29

Plants produce glucose through photosynthesis. Elements from glucose chemically react with nitrogen compounds to produce amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein.

Question 29

Explain how photosynthesis relates to the formation of DNA.

Answer 29

Photosynthesis produces glucose. Glucose can then be used during cellular respiration to produce ATP and other molecules, like pyruvate. The energy of ATP is used by the nucleus to replicate DNA and create the deoxyribose structure of DNA.

Question 29

Adding yeast to bread dough causes the bread to rise. Why is that?

Answer 29

This occurs because the yeast consume the carbohydrates in the bread. The yeast produce carbon dioxide gas during the process of cellular respiration, which is the process by which glucose and oxygen form ATP. This gas causes the bread to rise.

Question 29

What is yeast?

Answer 29

Yeast are single-celled fungi.

Question 29

If yeast does not use photosyntheiss what does it use?

Answer 29

Since yeast are fungi, they do not perform photosynthesis (the process of changing light energy into stored chemical energy in the form of sugars) and must consume food to make the biomolecules they need to survive.

Question 29

Using the example of yeast in rising bread, explain why sugar is an essential molecule for the yeast.

Answer 29

The yeast breaks down the carbohydrates in the bread into sugar. Some of this sugar is used for cellular respiration, which is shown by the formation of carbon dioxide. Other sugar molecules are used to make DNA, proteins, and other biomolecules the yeast need to survive.

Question 29

Why does the yeast produce carbon dioxide gas?

Answer 29

It produces the gas during cellular respiration. This means that some of the glucose molecules the yeast consumes are used to form ATP.

Question 29

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 29

the process by which glucose and oxygen form ATP

Question 29

Explain one example of how the yeast could use the carbohydrates in the bread to make another biomolecule.

Answer 29

The yeast could use one of the molecules made during cellular respiration to make an amino acid, which will be used to build proteins. Sugar can also be converted into deoxyribose and be used to make DNA.