Unit 3 Lesson 8: Describing the Flow of Energy Flashcards
photosynthesis
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy
What happens during the light-dependent stage
The light-dependent stage is a series of reactions that require light energy, captured by the light-absorbing pigment of chlorophyll, to be converted into chemical energy. The chemical energy produced fuels the assembly of sugar molecules, like glucose, in the light-independent reaction.
Formula of photosynthesis:
In the chemical formula, the equation looks like this:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy →C6H12O6 + 6 O2
The written equation for photosynthesis is:
carbon dioxide + water + radiant energy → glucose + oxygen
Cellular respiration is the process in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell. what is this energy called
This energy is known as ATP or adenosine triphosphate.
adenosine triphosphate
Energy-carrying biological molecule that drives cellular activities when broken down
Photosynthesis is a two-part process. What are the 2 parts
Photosynthesis is a two-part process which includes a light-dependent stage and a light-independent stage.
Where does cellular respiration take place in prokaryotic cells
Cellular respiration takes in the cytoplasm and cell membranes in prokaryotic cells due to the lack of membrane-bound organelles.
cellular respiration
Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy (ATP-adenosine triphosphate) for use by the cell
prokaryotic
A cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
Where oes cellular respiration take place in eukaryotic cells
In eukaryotic cells, this process mainly takes place in the mitochondria.
eukaryotic
A cell with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; is generally larger and more complex
mitochondria
Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell
What does celular respiration look like in eukaryotic cells
In eukaryotic cells, glucose is broken down into two 3-carbon molecules in the cytoplasm which releases a small amount of energy. These molecules are moved into the mitochondria. The 3-carbon molecules are broken down and energy is captured and stored into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Formula of cellular respiration
In the chemical formula, the equation looks like this:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 →6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy
The written equation for cellular respiration is:
glucose + water→ carbon dioxide + water +ATP
What happens in anaerobic respiration
In anaerobic respiration, glucose breaks down without oxygen and produces energy.
What happens during anaerobic respiration
The chemical reaction transfers energy from glucose to the cell and is known as fermentation.
There are two types of fermentation:
lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
In plants and yeast, alcoholic fermentation produces
ethanol and carbon dioxide. This is what causes bread to rise or turns grape juice into wine.
What does anaerobic respiration produce in humans
In humans, anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid through lactic acid fermentation.
When you need a large amount of energy quickly, such as when you’re running sprints, your body may not have enough oxygen to make enough energy through aerobic respiration. When this happens, lactic acid is produced through
anaerobic respiration.
Explain how cells take in energy for cell functions and processes.
Cells will either use the sun for energy during photosynthesis or obtain energy from food.
Explain the differences in fermentation during anaerobic respiration.
Lactic acid fermentation is used in humans when a large amount of energy is needed quickly and can create sore or painful muscles. Alcoholic fermentation is used in plants and yeast. This fermentation can cause bread to rise or turn grape juice into wine.
What is the organelle found in plants and animals that is the site of cellular respiration?
The organelle that is the site of cellular respiration in plants and animals is the mitochondria.
Explain the differences in cellular respiration in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
In prokaryotic cells, this process takes place in the cell membrane and the cytoplasm since prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles. In eukaryotic cells, cellular respiration starts in the cytoplasm and then finishes the process in the mitochondria.
Compare and contrast anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration both produce energy. Aerobic is in the presence of oxygen and creates more ATP. Anaerobic is without oxygen and does not produce as much energy.
Where do the reactants of cellular respiration come from?
The reactants of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide and water that come from the process of photosynthesis.
How are the reactants and products related in the processes of photosynthesis? (Image of the two processes)
The reactants of photosynthesis are also the products of cellular respiration. The reactants of cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis.
What drives the cycling of matter within and between systems in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions?
The energy from photosynthesis and cellular respiration drive the cycling of matter between systems in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
How is energy returned back to the ecosystem?
Energy is returned back to the ecosystem by heat from organisms.
How are photosythsis and cellular respiration similar
photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related because they both have a role in cycling matter and energy in and out of cells and through the ecosystem. The products of one process are the reactants of the other.
Michael states that photosynthesis is how plants produce energy. Think about each statement below. Decide which statements Michael should include in his reasoning.
Photosynthesis is a two-part process that plants, algae, and some bacteria use to convert carbon dioxide, water, and radiant energy into chemical energy.
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to make glucose.
Photosynthesis uses the sun’s energy.
Photosynthesis is used by plants, algae, and some bacteria.
All of the statements could be used however the first statement is the most complete.
Jan says the oxygen produced in photosynthesis is given off by plants for animals to breathe. Is Jan correct? If so, how can her answer be stronger? If not, how could you correct her reasoning?
Jan is correct in that plants do release most of the oxygen that is produced in photosynthesis for use in cellular respiration. However, since plants also undergo cellular respiration, they will also use some of the oxygen produced during photosynthesis.
A pond experiences an algal bloom and algae covers the top of the water. Explain what might happen to the plants in the pond that undergo photosynthesis.
The rate of energy production would decrease since the plants are unable to undergo photosynthesis.
In prokaryotes, cellular respiration takes place in the
cytoplasm
