Biology > Unit 3 Lesson 7: Interactions Between Systems > Flashcards
Unit 3 Lesson 7: Interactions Between Systems Flashcards
What form body systems
They also have organs that work together to form body systems.
What is the function of the digestive system
release nutrients from food for energy, growth, and maintenance
What is the function of the respiratory system
exchange gases between internal and external environments
What is the function of the reproductive system
produce sperm and egg that will unite to create offspring and ensure survival of the species
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What is the function of the circulatory system
transport oxygen and nutrients
What is the function of the nervous system
receive stimuli and control activities
What is the function of the endocrine system
produce hormones
What is the function of the skelteal system
provide protection of important organs and structure
What is the function of the muscular system
enable movement
What common purpose do all systems have
Each of these systems has its own particular function (or set of functions) but they also all work together for a common purpose, which is to sustain the life of the organism.
What is a vein
a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
What do nerves do
The nerves take in information, send a signal through the spinal cord to the brain, and the brain sends a signal of how to respond back. This process happens extremely quickly.
What muscle is the heart made out of
The heart is made from a special type of muscle tissue called “cardiac muscle” (“cardiac” meaning “heart”).
What does the nervous system consist of
the nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
What body functions does the brain control
The brain controls all of the body’s functions from blinking, to the stomach-churning during digestion, to running on the soccer field.
What organs does the brian contrl
The nervous system controls every organ.
What is :cardiac muscile” so unique
This type of muscle tissue has been adapted to constantly contract and relax (due to signals from the nervous system).
What is the function of the ciculatroy system
The function of the circulatory system is to move blood containing oxygen and nutrients around the body.
What is a artery
a large blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
What is a capillary
a tiny blood vessel
What is the function of the heart in the circulatroy system
The heart is the pump that moves blood around the body. The heart is in the middle of the chest cavity and blood needs to make it all the way down to the toes and up to the brain.
With each contraction of the heart muscle, blood is forced into the..
With each contraction of the heart muscle, blood is forced into the arteries.
What does Capillaries do
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that transport blood from arteries to veins through the body tissues, allowing these tissues to exchange gases, nutrients, and waste with the blood.
In humans, like all mammals, the circulatory system consists of ..
two loops of vessels.
What also happens as the heart muscle contracts
. At the same time, blood from the body is returned to the heart so it can be pumped to the lungs to be filled with oxygen, or oxygenated.
What do both loops have
Both loops have arteries that carry blood away from the heart, veins that carry blood back to the heart, and capillaries.
These two loops are called the
systemic loop and the pulmonary loop.
What is the role of he systemic loop
The systemic loop carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body through the arteries, the body takes the oxygen and nutrients from the blood and returns carbon dioxide and waste in the capillaries, and the veins return this deoxygenated blood, which lacks oxygen, back to the heart.
What does the pulmnary loop do
. The pulmonary loop carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries.
What happens to deoxygenated blood in the lnugs
In the lungs, the deoxygenated blood takes oxygen from the air in the lungs and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood. The oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart through the pulmonary veins.
Blood transport pulmonary loop vs the systemic loop
In the pulmonary loop, deoxygenated blood is carried by the pulmonary arteries while, in the systemic loop, oxygenated blood is carried by the arteries.
How does the circulatory system depend on the muscular system
Arteries have specialized tissue in them called elastic tissue that does not lose its shape when it expands and contracts. This tissue helps move the blood through the blood vessels. Additionally, arteries have tiny muscles built into their walls that contract to help with the movement of blood.
Why is the special elastic tissue and muscile so important
This special elastic tissue and muscle are very important in maintaining the shape and function of the arteries. Without it, there would not be enough force to move the needed blood around the body.
What is the elastic tissue
tissue that can expand and contract without losing its shape
Another body system that is directly related to the circulatory system is the digestive system. Elaborate
Once food has been broken down in the stomach using mechanical and chemical digestion, the nutrients that are released need to be taken to the body’s cells. Most absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine. This organ has many tiny blood vessels called capillaries. These capillaries connect with the larger arteries to transport blood. Nutrients get absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into capillaries. From here, the nutrients travel to wherever they are needed in the body.
The circulatory system is also connected to the skeletal system. Elaborate
Red blood cells are made in bone marrow. The heart is protected by the ribs, which are part of the skeletal system.
Which body system puts oxygen in the blood?
The respiratory system puts new oxygen into the blood when it reaches the lungs.
What is the purpose of the reproductive system?
The reproductive system in multicellular organisms produces sperm and egg cells that will unite to form offspring and ensure the survival of the species.
Explain how the human body would be different if it did not possess a circulatory system. (Hint: Are there organisms that do not have a circulatory system? If so, how do they look?)
The circulatory system moves nutrients and gases throughout the body while helping to remove waste from cells. The body would not be able to perform these functions without the circulatory system. This would mean that cells deep within the body would not be able to get the nutrients and gases (such as oxygen) they need to survive. Also, these cells would not be able to eliminate waste. Organisms that do not have a circulatory system tend to be much thinner, and they have moist skin that allows for oxygen and carbon dioxide to exchange at the skin. Therefore, if humans did not have a circulatory system, you might expect them to be thin with moist skin.
What is the difference between an artery and a vein? In the systemic loop, do the arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the body, and veins carry blood from the body toward the heart. In the systemic loop, arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.
What makes cardiac muscle tissue unique?
Cardiac muscle tissue, found only in the heart, is specially adapted to contract and relax constantly at a controlled rate.
Antidiuretic hormone or ADH is a hormone produced by the brain that affects, among other things, the kidneys. Imagine the kidneys do not respond to ADH. Predict what would happen in this case. (Hint: Research ADH. What part of the brain produces ADH? Under what conditions is this hormone produced? What effect does this hormone have on the body?)
ADH is produced in the brain by a structure called the pituatary gland. This gland is triggered by another structure in the brain called the hypothalamus to produce ADH when blood pressure is low due to low blood volume or when the salt concentration in the blood is too high. The ADH then causes the kidneys to retain more water instead of releasing water with the urine. If the kidneys no longer responded to ADH, you would expect the kidneys to release water even under low blood pressure or high salt conditions, such as dehydration.
What happens to the shape of an artery as blood passes through it?
The shape of the artery remains the same because it is made of elastic tissue that does not lose its shape, even when contracting and relaxing. It expands as blood moves through it, but it contracts back to its original shape to prevent the blood from flowing backward.
Where does blood go to become oxygenated?
Blood travels to the lungs to be oxygenated.
Although the heart pumps blood through the arteries, the heart cannot fully push blood through the veins. Explain how blood moves through veins without the aid of the heart.
The movement of blood through veins is accomplished primarily through the action of smooth muscle embedded in the walls of veins, the action of skeletal muscle, and the presence of one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backwards in veins. The need for skeletal muscle in this process is one of the reasons why exercise helps get the blood flowing.
What is the relationship between the circulatory system and the respiratory system?
The circulatory system transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients around the body. Blood returning to the heart needs more oxygen. The heart pumps this deoxygenated blood to the lungs (which are part of the respiratory system) so more oxygen can be added. The newly reoxygenated blood is then returned to the heart where it gets pumped to the rest of the body.
How does the structure of the arteries relate to their function?
Arteries transport blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The walls of the arteries are made from elastic tissue that retains its shape (even when contracting and relaxing). The walls of the arteries are very strong and have tiny muscles within them that work to move blood where it’s needed. The expansion of the arteries allows blood to move through them, and the contraction of the artery after the blood has moved through it keeps the blood from flowing backwards.
A glomerulus is a structure within the kidney that combines the urinary and circulatory systems. The kidney has millions of glomeruli, and each of them consist of a thin sac surrounded by capillaries. An alveolus is a structure within the lungs that combines the respiratory and circulatory systems. The lungs have millions of alveoli, and each of them consist of a thin sac surrounded by capillaries. Notice the similarity between these two structures. Based on your knowledge of diffusion and the functions of the urinary and respiratory systems, explain the similarity between a glomerulus and alveolus.
The kidneys are designed to filter out waste products from the blood. The blood contains waste products from cells throughout the body, so there is a high concentration of waste products in the blood. Since the kidneys remove waste from the body, there is a low concentration of waste in a glomerulus. Because of the concentration difference, the waste products move from the high concentration in the blood to the low concentration in the thin sac of the glomerulus.
The lungs are designed to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air and blood. The blood contains very little oxygen and lots of carbon dioxide when it enters the lungs. The air contains a higher concentration of oxygen and a lower concentration of carbon dioxide. Therefore, in the alveolus, the high concentration of oxygen in the air causes oxygen to flow into the alveolus, and the high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood causes carbon dioxide to move out of the alveolus and into the air within the thin sac. In both the glomerulus and alveolus, the body needs to have a close association between the blood and the tissue, so they have similar structures to accomplish this similar goal.
The circulatory system is tightly controlled by other body systems to ensure …..
homeostasis
What does homeostasis inculde
This includes things like proper salt balance, blood pressure, and blood volume.
What is blood volume
Blood volume refers to the amount of blood flowing through the circulatory system.
What is a solutoon to blood lost during suergy
Sometimes a person’s blood that is lost during surgery can be saved and given back to them.
What is blood transfusion
Another possible solution is to give the person a blood transfusion. A blood transfusion is adding donated blood to the person’s body.
What is hemaopoietic growth
A human-made version of hematopoietic growth factor is another possible solution. The growth factor is a hormone-like substance that causes bone marrow to make more blood cells. Growth factors have drawbacks that limit their use including cost and that it can take many days to raise blood volume.
What are volume expanders
Another possible solution is volume expanders. They expand the blood volume to help keep it circulating through the person’s body. Volume expanders do not carry oxygen or increase the number of blood cells.
REachers are woking on a blood subustute how would that work
Researchers are also working on another solution, a blood substitute. A blood substitute is a liquid that can increase blood volume and carry oxygen. These substitutes are able to do some of the work of blood, but they cannot do all of it.
