Unit 3 Lesson 5 Parts of a multicellular Organisim Flashcards
What are muticellular organisms
Organisms that are made of more than one cell are called multicellular.
Give examples of muticellular organisms
Sponges, sea stars, crabs, giraffes, bullfrogs, earthworms, and the cheetah
What are tissues
Cells with the same function connect together into structures called tissues
What is an organ; give some examples as well
A collection of tissues that all work together for a specific function is called an organ. The stomach, liver, eyes, and brain are examples of organs.
What are organ system
When a group of organs, each with different functions but a similar collective purpose, are connected, it is called an organ system.
Not all multicellular organisms have all of these body systems. Give exmaple
For example, an octopus is a marine animal that has nervous, digestive, circulatory, and respiratory systems (among others), but lacks a skeletal system.
Body systems in a multicellular organism can include the following:
- circulatory (transports oxygen and nutrients)
- digestive (obtains nutrients from food)
- immune (defends against disease)
- integumentary (provides protection and covers the body)
- lymphatic (aids in immunity and remove cellular waste)
- muscular (enables movement)
- nervous (receives and processes stimuli)
- reproductive (produce offspring)
- respiratory (exchanges gases)
- skeletal (provides support)
What are invertebrates
Animals that do not have a spinal column (also called a vertebral column or backbone) are invertebrates, which means “not having vertebrae.” Examples of invertebrates are octopuses, crawfish, and flies.
What is respiratory system
the organ system that exchanges gases between an organism’s internal and external environments
Give examples of tissues
muscles and blood
Who is Galen
Galen (130 AD–210 AD), the Greek physician, is one of the first people given credit for studying the human body. His research has led to many medical discoveries that have saved thousands of lives.
Describe the The Circulatory System
The circulatory system is made up of a network of blood vessels that moves blood, containing nutrients and oxygen, around the body. There is also a muscular heart that acts as the pump to move blood through the vessels.
Describe the digestive system
The digestive system is made up of a collection of organs that work together to break down food and release the nutrients contained within them. The food is broken down through a series of mechanical and chemical actions until it can be absorbed by cells of the digestive tract and used by cells to make biomolecules and energy.
What is the process of the digestive system
The process of digestion starts from the tongue with which food is taken inside the mouth and with other important parts like salivary glands, oral cavity, and pharynx which break the food into a much lighter form. Salivary glands include the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands. The food then passes through the esophagus before reaching the stomach. After the liver, the gallbladder, and pancreas play their part in the digestion and the food goes to the small intestine. From the small intestine the food goes to the large intestine. At the end, the food that cannot be digested anymore goes to the rectum and is removed from the body through the anus.
What is the realtionship between the diaphragam and breating
When the diaphragm contracts, it expands the chest cavity, creating a vacuum within the chest cavity that pulls air into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, the chest cavity shrinks and the lungs deflate, pushing air out of the lungs.
What does the resiparty system allow the body to do
The respiratory system allows the body to bring in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Importance of oxygen for the body
Oxygen is necessary for the metabolic functions of every cell in the body, and carbon dioxide is a waste product of that process. If a body does not get enough oxygen, it cannot function properly. Muscles will not work well, digestion can be impaired, even the nervous system and brain are affected. Also, if carbon dioxide builds up in the body, it can be toxic and harmful.
Which body system transports nutrients and oxygen around the body?
The body system that transports nutrients and oxygen around the body is the circulatory system.
How does our tak in of oxygen change over time
The average number of breaths per minute decreases as we get older. Babies and children have smaller lungs, a faster heart rate, and a faster metabolism, meaning they need to breathe more often to get the proper amount of oxygen into their body.
What would be the impact if an animal was having trouble with its respiratory system?
The animal would have trouble exchanging gases between its internal and external environments.
What is the relationship between tissues, organs, and organ systems?
Tissues are a collection of cells that have the same function. Organs are a collection of tissues that collectively perform a specific function or functions. Organ systems are a collection of organs that have related functions.
Why is an octopus considered a multicellular organism given the fact it lacks a skeletal system?
An octopus is a multicellular organism because it is made up of more than one cell. The octopus’s cells are specialized to perform particular functions. Having a skeletal system is not a requirement for being multicellular.
Why do scientists use models when studying body systems?
Scientists use models to study body systems because multicellular animal body systems are very complex.
How does a cheetah use its muscular system?
A cheetah uses its muscular system to run after and catch its prey.
What is the diaphragm?
The diaphragm is a layer of muscular and connective tissue, that separates the chest from the abdomen, that is used to expand the chest cavity.
Explain how the diaphragm helps with breathing.
When the diaphragm contracts it expands the chest cavity causing air to be pulled into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide is expelled.
What is the pathway air takes into the body?
Air enters through the nose or mouth and goes into the trachea. It then passes through the bronchi into the lungs.
One body system that is common among most multicellular organisms is the
nervous system.
. In higher animals, such as bears, snakes, and humans, this system is controlled with an organ called the
brain
What does the brain do
The brain processes signals it receives from the body and the environment and produces appropriate responses.
Describe the function of the brian using example
For example, when a cheetah sees a gazelle on the African savanna, it runs after it. The cheetah’s brain receives the signals from its eyes. These signals travel to the part of the brain where visual signals are interpreted. The brain then sends signals to the cheetah’s muscles, telling them to start running.
What muticellular orgnaisnm dont have brains
Some multicellular organisms, such as jellyfish and sea stars, do not have brains.
How do muiltcellular organims with no brain function
they have structures called neural networks that receive stimuli and process information. These animals lack structures such as eyes and ears but still have specialized cells on their bodies that receive information from the environment.
What is the advantage of a multicellular organism having a brain?
The advantage of having a brain is that there is one centralized location that processes signals the organism receives from the body and the environment and produces appropriate responses. Brains also tend to be more developed and process signals faster than neural networks.
What are the two main branches of the nervous system?
The central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of the cranial and spinal nerves.
Identify the developmental structure from which the pons and medulla develop in the brain.
The pons and medulla develop from the hindbrain.
While multicellular organisms have different ways to detect stimuli in their environments, they do not all do so with the same strength. This means that some organisms have highly sensitive organs that detect stimuli more than others (e.g. the nose of a dog). How could an animal with a reduced sense of hearing navigate its way through its environment and still be successful?
An organism with a reduced sense of hearing can compensate by having other senses take over. For example, the animal may have better eyesight or a better sense of smell. The animal might also be able to run very quickly. Each of these adaptations will help the animal to survive.
