Unit 3 - LAC3 - Methods to Improve Adherence

Question 1

What is health education/promotion relevant to?

Answer 1

Target group and improved access to information

Question 2

What are the three factors in the Hovland-Yale theory of persuasion?

Answer 2

• Communicator
• Communication
• Recipient

Question 3

What role does the communicator play in persuasion?

Answer 3

Needs to be a legitimate authority figure

Question 4

How should the communication message be structured for maximum effect?

Answer 4

It needs to be repeated and show a balanced argument with pros and cons

Question 5

What is the focus of the recipient factor in persuasion?

Answer 5

Characteristics such as intelligence, self-esteem, and demographics

Question 6

True or False: Strong fear appeals are always effective in persuasion.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What are the two levels of fear appeal?

Answer 7

• A lot of graphic detail
• Minimal detail with diagrams

Question 8

What does the elaboration-likelihood model of persuasion explain?

Answer 8

How people process information differently, either at central or peripheral levels

Question 9

Define central elaboration in the context of persuasion.

Answer 9

Focuses on the details of the message

Question 10

Define peripheral elaboration in the context of persuasion.

Answer 10

Focuses on the surrounding aspects of the message, like source credibility

Question 11

What correlation is typically found in health education/promotion evaluations?

Answer 11

Between information provided and health behavior changes

Question 12

What is a limitation of correlation in health promotion studies?

Answer 12

Cannot establish cause and effect

Question 13

What is the impact of stress on adherence to medical advice?

Answer 13

It can limit the ability to cope and adhere

Question 14

What is the HPA axis’s role in stress response?

Answer 14

Releases cortisol in response to chronic stress

Question 15

What is the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) related to?

Answer 15

The exhaustion stage where bodily resources are depleted

Question 16

What is one lifestyle change that can facilitate improved adherence?

Answer 16

Replacing unhealthy behaviors with healthy behaviors

Question 17

What is the transtheoretical model used for?

Answer 17

Understanding stages of behavior change for appropriate interventions

Question 18

What is self-esteem defined as?

Answer 18

Confidence in one’s own worth or abilities

Question 19

What did Littlefield et al. (1992) find regarding self-esteem and adherence?

Answer 19

Lower adherence was associated with lower self-esteem and self-efficacy

Question 20

True or False: High self-esteem is related to better post-operative survival.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is emotional resilience?

Answer 21

Ability to respond to stressful or unexpected situations

Question 22

How can emotional resilience be strengthened?

Answer 22

• Mindfulness
• CBT
• Skills training
• Social support

Question 23

What is the principle behind providing incentives for adherence?

Answer 23

Operant conditioning, rewarding behavior to encourage repetition

Question 24

What was the Funhaler designed for?

Answer 24

To increase adherence in children taking asthma medication

Question 25

What did Vlopp et al. (2009) study regarding smoking cessation?

Answer 25

Found that financial incentives increased smoking cessation rates

Question 26

What is self-tracking?

Answer 26

Systematically recording information about one's diet, health, or activities

Question 27

What is progress monitoring?

Answer 27

Systematic planning and examination of data to inform decisions

Question 28

What is social prescribing?

Answer 28

Connecting people to community groups and services for support

Question 29

What is the role of social prescribing link workers?

Answer 29

To provide holistic support and connect individuals to resources

Question 30

What is active signposting?

Answer 30

Providing information to help individuals find services

Question 31

What is a key element of successful social prescribing?

Answer 31

Referral from a range of local agencies

Question 32

What commitment did NHS England make regarding social prescribing in primary care?

Answer 32

Building the infrastructure for social prescribing, with 1,000 new social prescribing link workers by 2020/21 ## Footnote This initiative aims to ensure that at least 900,000 people will be referred to social prescribing by 2023/24.

Question 33

How many people are expected to benefit from personalised care by 2023/24?

Answer 33

At least 2.5 million people ## Footnote This is part of the Universal Personalised Care initiative.

Question 34

What role do social prescribing link workers play in primary care networks?

Answer 34

They are integral members of multi-disciplinary teams ## Footnote Social prescribing link workers are included in the additional roles of the five year framework for GP contract reform.

Question 35

What contract includes social prescribing link workers for 2020/21?

Answer 35

Network Direct Enhanced Service Contract ## Footnote This contract is part of the initiative to reform GP contracts.

Question 36

What is the significance of the investment in social prescribing by NHS England?

Answer 36

It is the biggest investment by any national health system in social prescribing ## Footnote This investment legitimises community-based activities and support as part of personalised care.

Question 37

What is one positive aspect of social prescribing?

Answer 37

It is holistic ## Footnote This means it considers the whole person rather than just specific health issues.

Question 38

What is a challenge associated with social prescribing?

Answer 38

It requires a lot of co-operation/integration from a wide range of people and services ## Footnote Effective social prescribing relies on collaboration among various stakeholders.