Unit 3 - LAB3 - Non-Physiological Addiction (GAMBLING)

Question 1

What does the cognitive approach suggest gambling addiction is based on?

Answer 1

Irrational and illogical thought processes

Question 2

Why may an individual choose addictive behaviour over a healthier one?

Answer 2

Due to irrational expectation of outcomes

Question 3

What do addicts weigh up before their addictive behaviour?

Answer 3

Pros and cons

Question 4

How might a gambler perceive their life to be?

Answer 4

Boring

Question 5

Name the theory which describes how an addictive behaviour is chosen over a healthier one?

Answer 5

Expectancy theory

Question 6

Name a cost of gambling?

Answer 6

losing money

Question 7

Name a benefit of gambling?

Answer 7

Winning money

Question 8

What is meant by a cost-benefit analysis?

Answer 8

Weighing up the pros and cons of gambling

Question 9

Give 1 example of an irrational thought for addicted gamblers

Answer 9

I will be more likely to win if I wear my lucky shirt

Question 10

Define what is meant by gamblers fallacy

Answer 10

Believing that if something happens in a given period, it wont happen again in the future

Question 11

How are addicted gamblers thinking biased?

Answer 11

favourable outcomes - always look for the positives

Question 12

What does cognitive bias mean?

Answer 12

Gamblers thinking is biased towards favourable outcomes

Question 13

How will the gambler view their losses?

Answer 13

Near wins

Question 14

What does a ‘near win’ mean?

Answer 14

Thinking is biased towards favourable outcomes - look for positives

Question 15

Despite losing all their money - why may a gambler feel differently?

Answer 15

The tension and excitement that comes close to that of winning

Question 16

What does illusion of control mean?

Answer 16

When a gambler is led to believe that they have more control over the outcomes than they actually do

Question 17

What does it mean when gamblers believe they have more control over their outcomes than they actually do?

Answer 17

Illusion of control

Question 18

Why may some gamblers create gambling options out of things they are familiar with?

Answer 18

They feel they are more able to win because of special knowledge

Question 19

Why might gamblers feel like they have ‘special’ knowledge of gambling

Answer 19

Gambling options out of things that people are familiar with

Question 20

What is a a self-serving memory?

Answer 20

Gamblers focus on the positives of their experience only

Question 21

What type of memory does a gambler have if they only focus on the positives of their experience

Answer 21

Self-serving memory

Question 22

How does gambling start? What initiates it?

Answer 22

When the costs weigh in favour of gambling

Question 23

Give one example of cognitive bias

Answer 23

1. suggest they are likely to win OR
2. Lead them to overestimate their winnings OR
3. Make them underestimate their losses

Question 24

Suggest that they are likely to win is an example of what?

Answer 24

Cognitive Bias for gamblers

Question 25

Lead them to overestimate their winnings is an example of what?

Answer 25

Cognitive Bias for gamblers

Question 26

Make them underestimate their losses is an example of what?

Answer 26

Cognitive Bias for gamblers

Question 27

What might an example of superstitious beahaviour be for gamblers?

Answer 27

wearing lucky socks

Question 28

Identify 1 strength of the cognitive approach to gambling

Answer 28

cognitive biases can be challenged during CBT sessions

Question 29

Why is the cognitive approach to gambling reductionist?

Answer 29

It ignores all other causes of addiction, genetic predispositions

Question 30

Why has the validity of the cognitive approach to gambling been questioned?

Answer 30

many people have irrational beliefs about gambling but don’t become addicted to it

Question 31

According to the learning theory - how is gambling behaviour acquired?

Answer 31

through reinforcements and rewards

Question 32

Which theory suggests that gambling behaviour is acquired through reinforcements and rewards?

Answer 32

Learning theory

Question 33

How does social learning theory explain gambling behaviour

Answer 33

observing role models gambling and copying them