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BTEC Applied Psych - STAFF > Unit 3 - LAB1 - Causes of Stress > Flashcards

Unit 3 - LAB1 - Causes of Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Two examples of a positive life event are

A

Going to college, getting your dream job, getting married, having children

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2
Q

Two examples of a negative life event are

A

Getting divorced, death of a close family member, getting sacked

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3
Q

Getting your dream job is an example of what life event?

A

Positive

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4
Q

Death of a close family member is an example of what life event?

A

Negative

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5
Q

How do significant life events cause us stress?

A

They force us to change our lives

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6
Q

How are daily hassles different to life events?

A

Daily hassles are much smaller events that happen daily

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7
Q

Give an example of a daily hassle

A

Getting stuck at traffic lights on the way to work, losing signal whilst in an important chat

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8
Q

What has research shown to cause more stress?

A

Daily hassles

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9
Q

Research has shown that daily hassles cause more stress than life events. True or false?

A

True

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10
Q

Daily hassles tend to be beyond our…

A

control

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11
Q

What research method is used to investigate daily hassles and life events?

A

Self-report questionnaires

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12
Q

What are self-report questionnaires used to investigate about stress?

A

Daily hassles and life events

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13
Q

What did Rahe (1970) want to find out?

A

If experiencing life events predicted illness

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14
Q

This researcher wanted to know if experiencing life events predicted illness

A

Rahe (1970)

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15
Q

Who did Rahe (1970) study?

A

2664 US Navy sailors on 3 aircraft carriers

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16
Q

What did Rahe (1970) ask his participants to do?

A

Complete a life events questionnaire covering the 6 months prior to setting sail

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17
Q

What two measures did Rahe (1970) look at?

A

Life events questionnaire and rates of illness experienced whilst on board the ships

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18
Q

What did Rahe (1970) find?

A

Sailors who had the most life events before setting sail also experienced a greater level of illness

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19
Q

Which researcher concluded that life events are a reasonably good predictor of later stress-related illness?

A

Rahe (1970)

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20
Q

What did Rahe (1970) conclude?

A

Life events are a reasonably good predictor of later stress-related illness

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21
Q

What did Kanner want to investigate?

A

What was the most stressful, daily hassles or life events

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22
Q

Which researcher wanted to know what was the most stressful, daily hassles or life events

A

Kanner

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23
Q

How many people in Kanner’s research completed the hassles and uplifts scale? When did they do this?

A

100 people, every month for 9 months

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24
Q

Name the three measures participants completed in Kanner’s research

A

Hassles and uplifts scale, Life events scale, the Hopkins symptom checklist

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25
What did Kanner find to be a stronger predictor of illness - Daily hassles or life events?
Daily hassles
26
What did Kanner conclude?
Daily hassles cause us more stress than life events
27
Which researcher concluded that daily hassles cause us more stress than life events?
Kanner
28
Give one strength of life events and hassles
Lots of evidence to support / Self-report methods used provide insight / Self-report methods used gather quantitative data / Self-report methods used are reliable
29
What two pieces of research provide evidence to support the idea that hassles and life events cause stress?
Rahe and Kanner
30
What do Rahe and Kanner's research provide evidence to support?
The idea that hassles and life events cause stress
31
Give one weakness of life events and hassles
Self-report methods used have issues of validity / Results from research can be subjective
32
Name the three work-related factors that people tend to find stressful
Physical environment, Lack of control, Role conflict
33
Give one example of how the physical environment of the workplace can cause stress
Noisy / cramped / hot / cold / damp / dangerous environments
34
Give one example of how lack of control in the workplace can cause stress
Having no control over what you will be doing / where you will be doing it / how long it will take and who with
35
Give one example of how role conflict in the workplace can cause stress
Not clear what your responsibilities are / poor relationships at work
36
What was the aim of the research by Johansson (1978)?
To compare two different jobs in a Swedish sawmill to see which job was the most stressful
37
This researcher compared two different jobs in a Swedish sawmill to see which job was the most stressful
Johansson (1978)
38
What did Johansson (1978) match both groups that he studied on?
Education and job experience
39
What two things did Johansson (1978) measure in their research?
Absenteeism and stress hormone levels through urine samples
40
What were the two jobs compared in Johansson (1978)'s research?
Group 1: The finishers and Group 2: The cleaners
41
Give two facts about the jobs of Group 1: The finishers in Johansson (1978)'s research
High risk and high pressure job / used cutting equipment / had to ensure finished product was high quality / work was noisy, machine paced and unsociable
42
Give two facts about the jobs of Group 2: The cleaners in Johansson (1978)'s research
Had to clean up the sawmill at the end of the shift / went at their own pace / sociable
43
What did Johansson (1978) find?
Finishers had the higher level of stress hormones and a greater level of illness and absenteeism
44
What does Johansson (1978)'s research show?
A high pressure job with low levels of control can cause stress related illness
45
Which research shows that a high pressure job with low levels of control can cause stress related illness?
Johansson (1978)
46
What did Gyorkos (2012) look at?
Cultural differences in the impact of work on stress
47
Which researcher looked at cultural differences in the impact of work on stress?
Gyorkos (2012)
48
What did Gyorkos (2012) find?
Job control was a cause of stress in western cultures such as the US, but was not a concern of people in collectivist cultures such as China
49
Which researcher found that job control was a cause of stress in western cultures but not collectivist cultures?
Gyorkos (2012)
50
Give one reason why lack of control in the workplace is an issue in the US
People are concerned about personal rights and fairness
51
What did Gyorkos (2012) conclude?
Certain aspects of work may cause stress for some people but not others (cultural differences)
52
Give one strength of work as an explanation of stress
Research to support (Johansson) / Practical applications
53
Give one weakness of work as an explanation of stress
Cultural differences / Research may not be entirely valid
54
What personality type makes someone more likely to experience stress and anxiety than others?
Type A personalities
55
What personality type makes someone less likely to experience stress?
Type B personalities
56
Type A personalities make someone...
More likely to experience stress and anxiety
57
Type B personalities make someone...
Less likely to experience stress and anxiety
58
Give two traits of the Type A personality
Competitive / driven / time-conscious / stress-prone / impatient / goal-oriented
59
Give two traits of the Type B personality
Relaxed / easy-going / less focused on time pressure / patient / adaptable / present-oriented
60
What does hardiness provide?
Resilience against stress
61
A hardy personality can be explained through the three C's, these are...
Commitment, Control, Challenge
62
Give one example of commitment in the hardy personality type
Tackle problems head on / plan how to combat a problem / use resources available / make best use of time available
63
Give one example of control in the hardy personality type
Take charge of situations / take responsibility for dealing with things
64
Give one example of challenge in the hardy personality type
See situations as opportunities rather than threats / respond to situations with positive energy and emotions
65
What did Rosenman (1976) carry out?
A long-term study of the effect of personality on stress
66
Which researcher carried out a long-term study of the effect of personality on stress?
Rosenman (1976)
67
Who did Rosenman (1976) assess and what for?
3000 men in California, to see if they had Type A or Type B personalities
68
What did Rosenman (1976) find 8.5 years later?
257 men had developed coronary heart disease - of these, 70% were Type A
69
What did Maddi (1987) investigate?
The effect of the hardy personality
70
Which researcher studied the effect of the hardy personality?
Maddi (1987)
71
Who did Maddi (1978) assess in their research and why?
Managers and supervisors at the Illinois Bell Telephone company, to see how the changes in re-organisation affected them
72
What did Maddi (1987) find regarding the hardy personality?
Those who scored highly on the three C's reported being happier at work than ever and that their health was stable
73
Give one strength of personality as a cause of stress
Research to support / Practical applications
74
Give one weakness of personality as a cause of stress
Lack of validity with the hardy personality / Lack of validity in self-report methods used
75

BTEC Applied Psych - STAFF (56 decks)

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