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BTEC Applied Psych - STAFF > Unit 3 - LAB1 - Causes of Stress > Flashcards

Unit 3 - LAB1 - Causes of Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

Two examples of a positive life event are

A

Going to college, getting your dream job, getting married, having children

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2
Q

Two examples of a negative life event are

A

Getting divorced, death of a close family member, getting sacked

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3
Q

Getting your dream job is an example of what life event?

A

Positive

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4
Q

Death of a close family member is an example of what life event?

A

Negative

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5
Q

How do significant life events cause us stress?

A

They force us to change our lives

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6
Q

How are daily hassles different to life events?

A

Daily hassles are much smaller events that happen daily

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7
Q

Give an example of a daily hassle

A

Getting stuck at traffic lights on the way to work, losing signal whilst in an important chat

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8
Q

What has research shown to cause more stress?

A

Daily hassles

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9
Q

Research has shown that daily hassles cause more stress than life events. True or false?

A

True

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10
Q

Daily hassles tend to be beyond our…

A

control

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11
Q

What research method is used to investigate daily hassles and life events?

A

Self-report questionnaires

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12
Q

What are self-report questionnaires used to investigate about stress?

A

Daily hassles and life events

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13
Q

What did Rahe (1970) want to find out?

A

If experiencing life events predicted illness

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14
Q

This researcher wanted to know if experiencing life events predicted illness

A

Rahe (1970)

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15
Q

Who did Rahe (1970) study?

A

2664 US Navy sailors on 3 aircraft carriers

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16
Q

What did Rahe (1970) ask his participants to do?

A

Complete a life events questionnaire covering the 6 months prior to setting sail

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17
Q

What two measures did Rahe (1970) look at?

A

Life events questionnaire and rates of illness experienced whilst on board the ships

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18
Q

What did Rahe (1970) find?

A

Sailors who had the most life events before setting sail also experienced a greater level of illness

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19
Q

Which researcher concluded that life events are a reasonably good predictor of later stress-related illness?

A

Rahe (1970)

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20
Q

What did Rahe (1970) conclude?

A

Life events are a reasonably good predictor of later stress-related illness

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21
Q

What did Kanner want to investigate?

A

What was the most stressful, daily hassles or life events

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22
Q

Which researcher wanted to know what was the most stressful, daily hassles or life events

A

Kanner

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23
Q

How many people in Kanner’s research completed the hassles and uplifts scale? When did they do this?

A

100 people, every month for 9 months

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24
Q

Name the three measures participants completed in Kanner’s research

A

Hassles and uplifts scale, Life events scale, the Hopkins symptom checklist

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25
Q

What did Kanner find to be a stronger predictor of illness - Daily hassles or life events?

A

Daily hassles

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26
Q

What did Kanner conclude?

A

Daily hassles cause us more stress than life events

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27
Q

Which researcher concluded that daily hassles cause us more stress than life events?

A

Kanner

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28
Q

Give one strength of life events and hassles

A

Lots of evidence to support / Self-report methods used provide insight / Self-report methods used gather quantitative data / Self-report methods used are reliable

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29
Q

What two pieces of research provide evidence to support the idea that hassles and life events cause stress?

A

Rahe and Kanner

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30
Q

What do Rahe and Kanner’s research provide evidence to support?

A

The idea that hassles and life events cause stress

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31
Q

Give one weakness of life events and hassles

A

Self-report methods used have issues of validity / Results from research can be subjective

32
Q

Name the three work-related factors that people tend to find stressful

A

Physical environment, Lack of control, Role conflict

33
Q

Give one example of how the physical environment of the workplace can cause stress

A

Noisy / cramped / hot / cold / damp / dangerous environments

34
Q

Give one example of how lack of control in the workplace can cause stress

A

Having no control over what you will be doing / where you will be doing it / how long it will take and who with

35
Q

Give one example of how role conflict in the workplace can cause stress

A

Not clear what your responsibilities are / poor relationships at work

36
Q

What was the aim of the research by Johansson (1978)?

A

To compare two different jobs in a Swedish sawmill to see which job was the most stressful

37
Q

This researcher compared two different jobs in a Swedish sawmill to see which job was the most stressful

A

Johansson (1978)

38
Q

What did Johansson (1978) match both groups that he studied on?

A

Education and job experience

39
Q

What two things did Johansson (1978) measure in their research?

A

Absenteeism and stress hormone levels through urine samples

40
Q

What were the two jobs compared in Johansson (1978)’s research?

A

Group 1: The finishers and Group 2: The cleaners

41
Q

Give two facts about the jobs of Group 1: The finishers in Johansson (1978)’s research

A

High risk and high pressure job / used cutting equipment / had to ensure finished product was high quality / work was noisy, machine paced and unsociable

42
Q

Give two facts about the jobs of Group 2: The cleaners in Johansson (1978)’s research

A

Had to clean up the sawmill at the end of the shift / went at their own pace / sociable

43
Q

What did Johansson (1978) find?

A

Finishers had the higher level of stress hormones and a greater level of illness and absenteeism

44
Q

What does Johansson (1978)’s research show?

A

A high pressure job with low levels of control can cause stress related illness

45
Q

Which research shows that a high pressure job with low levels of control can cause stress related illness?

A

Johansson (1978)

46
Q

What did Gyorkos (2012) look at?

A

Cultural differences in the impact of work on stress

47
Q

Which researcher looked at cultural differences in the impact of work on stress?

A

Gyorkos (2012)

48
Q

What did Gyorkos (2012) find?

A

Job control was a cause of stress in western cultures such as the US, but was not a concern of people in collectivist cultures such as China

49
Q

Which researcher found that job control was a cause of stress in western cultures but not collectivist cultures?

A

Gyorkos (2012)

50
Q

Give one reason why lack of control in the workplace is an issue in the US

A

People are concerned about personal rights and fairness

51
Q

What did Gyorkos (2012) conclude?

A

Certain aspects of work may cause stress for some people but not others (cultural differences)

52
Q

Give one strength of work as an explanation of stress

A

Research to support (Johansson) / Practical applications

53
Q

Give one weakness of work as an explanation of stress

A

Cultural differences / Research may not be entirely valid

54
Q

What personality type makes someone more likely to experience stress and anxiety than others?

A

Type A personalities

55
Q

What personality type makes someone less likely to experience stress?

A

Type B personalities

56
Q

Type A personalities make someone…

A

More likely to experience stress and anxiety

57
Q

Type B personalities make someone…

A

Less likely to experience stress and anxiety

58
Q

Give two traits of the Type A personality

A

Competitive / driven / time-conscious / stress-prone / impatient / goal-oriented

59
Q

Give two traits of the Type B personality

A

Relaxed / easy-going / less focused on time pressure / patient / adaptable / present-oriented

60
Q

What does hardiness provide?

A

Resilience against stress

61
Q

A hardy personality can be explained through the three C’s, these are…

A

Commitment, Control, Challenge

62
Q

Give one example of commitment in the hardy personality type

A

Tackle problems head on / plan how to combat a problem / use resources available / make best use of time available

63
Q

Give one example of control in the hardy personality type

A

Take charge of situations / take responsibility for dealing with things

64
Q

Give one example of challenge in the hardy personality type

A

See situations as opportunities rather than threats / respond to situations with positive energy and emotions

65
Q

What did Rosenman (1976) carry out?

A

A long-term study of the effect of personality on stress

66
Q

Which researcher carried out a long-term study of the effect of personality on stress?

A

Rosenman (1976)

67
Q

Who did Rosenman (1976) assess and what for?

A

3000 men in California, to see if they had Type A or Type B personalities

68
Q

What did Rosenman (1976) find 8.5 years later?

A

257 men had developed coronary heart disease - of these, 70% were Type A

69
Q

What did Maddi (1987) investigate?

A

The effect of the hardy personality

70
Q

Which researcher studied the effect of the hardy personality?

A

Maddi (1987)

71
Q

Who did Maddi (1978) assess in their research and why?

A

Managers and supervisors at the Illinois Bell Telephone company, to see how the changes in re-organisation affected them

72
Q

What did Maddi (1987) find regarding the hardy personality?

A

Those who scored highly on the three C’s reported being happier at work than ever and that their health was stable

73
Q

Give one strength of personality as a cause of stress

A

Research to support / Practical applications

74
Q

Give one weakness of personality as a cause of stress

A

Lack of validity with the hardy personality / Lack of validity in self-report methods used

75
Q
A

BTEC Applied Psych - STAFF (49 decks)

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