U2: Validity, Reliability and Ethics Flashcards
What ethical guidelines must psychologists abide by?
The ethical guidelines of their own employer, The British Medical Association, and The British Psychological Society (BPS)
The BPS regularly reviews its ethical guidelines to ensure participant welfare.
What does the right to withdraw entail?
Participants can drop out of a study at any time, freely and immediately without penalty
This is a fundamental ethical principle in research.
What is meant by protection from harm in research ethics?
Participants should not experience any more emotional, psychological, or physical harm than in ordinary life.
What is confidentiality in the context of research?
Participants and all their data must be kept anonymous and secured, either physically or digitally.
What is informed consent?
Participants are given their consent to take part and are aware of what the study will involve.
What is parental consent?
For participants under the age of 16 or vulnerable persons, researchers must ask parents or guardians for their child to participate.
What ethical issue arises if consent cannot be achieved?
The ethical issue of deception may arise.
What is deception in research ethics?
The withholding of information or misleading participants may lead to unease until they are debriefed.
What is debriefing?
Providing participants with a written or verbal debrief about the study’s purpose, findings, and future support available.
What are animal rights in the context of research?
Some argue that animals should not be used in research as they have a right to live their own life without human interference.
What are The Three R’s in animal research?
- Replacement: use alternatives if possible
- Reduction: minimize the number of animals used
- Refinement: reduce pain, suffering, distress, or lasting harm.
What is internal reliability?
The extent to which a study accurately investigates what it intends to.
What is external reliability?
The extent to which the results can be generalized outside the study.
What is inter-observer reliability?
When people are observed by more than one observer, ensuring high agreement in recorded behaviors.
What is ecological validity?
The ability to accurately generalize research findings to other environments.
