Unit 1 - LAA - Assumptions of Approaches Flashcards
According to the Social Approach, where does behaviour occur?
In a social context
‘Behaviour occurs in a social context ‘ is an assumption of which psychological approach?
Social Approach
Social Psychologists believe the best way to understand our behaviour is to look at…
The influence of others
What does the Social Approach suggest is the biggest influence on behaviour?
Social situations
What does ‘culture’ refer to?
Ideas, customs and social behaviour of particular groups of people
Name two assumptions of the Social Approach
- Behaviour occurs in a social context
- Wider culture and society influences peoples behaviour
What two types of cultures does the Social Approach suggest exist?
Individualistic and collectivist
Give two examples of individualistic cultures / countries
UK and USA
UK and the USA have which type of culture?
Individualistic
Identify two features of an individualistic culture
- The needs of an individual are prioritised over a group
- Personal goals are more important than group goals
Prioritising the needs of an individual is associated with which type of culture?
Individualistic
Give two examples of collectivist cultures / countries
China and India
Identify two features of a collectivist culture
- The needs of the group are prioritised over an individual
- Group goals are more important than individual goals
Prioritising the needs of a group is associated with which type of culture?
Collectivist
The Cognitive Approach explains all human behaviour in terms of what 3 things?
Thoughts
Beliefs
Attitudes
Name 2 assumptions of the Cognitive Approach
- Behaviour is the product of information processing
- The brain can be compared to a computer
Comparing the brain to a computer is an assumption of which approach?
Cognitive
Believing behaviour is the product of information processing is an assumption of which approach?
Cognitive
Name 3 internal mental processes the cognitive approach looks at
Memory
Perception
Thoughts
Schemas
Logic
Reasoning
According to the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, what would be an ‘input’?
Information from the environment
According to the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, information from the environment would be considered as…
An input
According the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, what would be an ‘output’
Observable behaviour
According the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, observable behaviour would be considered as…
An output
What is the difference between the Behaviourist Approach and Social Learning Approach
Behaviourist believe behaviour is learned from environmental stimuli
WHEREAS
Social Learning theory believes behaviour is learned from observation and imitation
What is one assumption of the Behaviourist Approach?
Behaviour is learned from environmental stimuli
What is one assumption of the Social Learning Approach?
Behaviour is learned from observation and imitation
According to Behaviourists, humans are born as..
Blank slates
What two processes can we learn information through, according to Behaviourists?
Classical and operant conditoning
What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Classical = learning through association
WHEREAS
Operant = learning through consequences / reinforcements
According to Social Learning Theory, when are we most likely to imitate a model?
When we see them being rewarded
What is meant by classical conditioning?
Learning through association
What is meant by operant conditioning?
Learning through consequence
What is meant by positive reinforcement?
Performing a behaviour to RECEIVE positive consequences (reward)
What is meant by negative reinforcement?
Performing a behaviour to AVOID negative consequences
What is meant by vicarious reinforcement?
Performing a behaviour we have seen a ROLE MODEL be rewarded for
Name 2 assumptions of the Biological Approach
- Behaviour is influenced by our biology
- Behaviour is a product of evolution
What two parts of your body make up your central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
What are genes?
Biological units of DNA
Where does our DNA come from?
Inherited from our parents
What are neurochemicals?
Biological chemicals called neurotransmitters
A low level of what neurochemical is thought to be involved in depression?
Serotonin
Low levels of serotonin is thought to cause what mental disorder?
Depression
What two main concepts make up evolutionary theory?
Natural selection
Sexual selection
What are the 3 main assumptions of natural selection?
- Only a small portion of a generation survive
- Each generation has a degree of variation which is heritable
- Some characteristics give a survival advantage
Who proposed the theory of evolution ?
Charles Darwin
Your brain and spinal cord make up which biological structure?
Central nervous system
