Unit 1 - LAA - Assumptions of Approaches

Question 1

According to the Social Approach, where does behaviour occur?

Answer 1

In a social context

Question 2

‘Behaviour occurs in a social context ‘ is an assumption of which psychological approach?

Answer 2

Social Approach

Question 3

Social Psychologists believe the best way to understand our behaviour is to look at…

Answer 3

The influence of others

Question 4

What does the Social Approach suggest is the biggest influence on behaviour?

Answer 4

Social situations

Question 5

What does ‘culture’ refer to?

Answer 5

Ideas, customs and social behaviour of particular groups of people

Question 6

Name two assumptions of the Social Approach

Answer 6

1. Behaviour occurs in a social context
2. Wider culture and society influences peoples behaviour

Question 7

What two types of cultures does the Social Approach suggest exist?

Answer 7

Individualistic and collectivist

Question 8

Give two examples of individualistic cultures / countries

Answer 8

UK and USA

Question 9

UK and the USA have which type of culture?

Answer 9

Individualistic

Question 10

Identify two features of an individualistic culture

Answer 10

1. The needs of an individual are prioritised over a group
2. Personal goals are more important than group goals

Question 11

Prioritising the needs of an individual is associated with which type of culture?

Answer 11

Individualistic

Question 12

Give two examples of collectivist cultures / countries

Answer 12

China and India

Question 13

Identify two features of a collectivist culture

Answer 13

1. The needs of the group are prioritised over an individual
2. Group goals are more important than individual goals

Question 14

Prioritising the needs of a group is associated with which type of culture?

Answer 14

Collectivist

Question 15

The Cognitive Approach explains all human behaviour in terms of what 3 things?

Answer 15

Thoughts
Beliefs
Attitudes

Question 16

Name 2 assumptions of the Cognitive Approach

Answer 16

1. Behaviour is the product of information processing
2. The brain can be compared to a computer

Question 17

Comparing the brain to a computer is an assumption of which approach?

Answer 17

Cognitive

Question 18

Believing behaviour is the product of information processing is an assumption of which approach?

Answer 18

Cognitive

Question 19

Name 3 internal mental processes the cognitive approach looks at

Answer 19

Memory
Perception
Thoughts
Schemas
Logic
Reasoning

Question 20

According to the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, what would be an ‘input’?

Answer 20

Information from the environment

Question 21

According to the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, information from the environment would be considered as…

Answer 21

An input

Question 22

According the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, what would be an ‘output’

Answer 22

Observable behaviour

Question 23

According the Cognitive Approach’s computer analogy, observable behaviour would be considered as…

Answer 23

An output

Question 24

What is the difference between the Behaviourist Approach and Social Learning Approach

Answer 24

Behaviourist believe behaviour is learned from environmental stimuli

WHEREAS

Social Learning theory believes behaviour is learned from observation and imitation

Question 25

What is one assumption of the Behaviourist Approach?

Answer 25

Behaviour is learned from environmental stimuli

Question 26

What is one assumption of the Social Learning Approach?

Answer 26

Behaviour is learned from observation and imitation

Question 27

According to Behaviourists, humans are born as..

Answer 27

Blank slates

Question 28

What two processes can we learn information through, according to Behaviourists?

Answer 28

Classical and operant conditoning

Question 29

What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Answer 29

Classical = learning through association WHEREAS Operant = learning through consequences / reinforcements

Question 30

According to Social Learning Theory, when are we most likely to imitate a model?

Answer 30

When we see them being rewarded

Question 31

What is meant by classical conditioning?

Answer 31

Learning through association

Question 32

What is meant by operant conditioning?

Answer 32

Learning through consequence

Question 33

What is meant by positive reinforcement?

Answer 33

Performing a behaviour to RECEIVE positive consequences (reward)

Question 34

What is meant by negative reinforcement?

Answer 34

Performing a behaviour to AVOID negative consequences

Question 35

What is meant by vicarious reinforcement?

Answer 35

Performing a behaviour we have seen a ROLE MODEL be rewarded for

Question 36

Name 2 assumptions of the Biological Approach

Answer 36

1. Behaviour is influenced by our biology 2. Behaviour is a product of evolution

Question 37

What two parts of your body make up your central nervous system?

Answer 37

Brain and spinal cord

Question 38

What are genes?

Answer 38

Biological units of DNA

Question 39

Where does our DNA come from?

Answer 39

Inherited from our parents

Question 40

What are neurochemicals?

Answer 40

Biological chemicals called neurotransmitters

Question 41

A low level of what neurochemical is thought to be involved in depression?

Answer 41

Serotonin

Question 42

Low levels of serotonin is thought to cause what mental disorder?

Answer 42

Depression

Question 43

What two main concepts make up evolutionary theory?

Answer 43

Natural selection Sexual selection

Question 44

What are the 3 main assumptions of natural selection?

Answer 44

- Only a small portion of a generation survive - Each generation has a degree of variation which is heritable - Some characteristics give a survival advantage

Question 45

Who proposed the theory of evolution ?

Answer 45

Charles Darwin

Question 46

Your brain and spinal cord make up which biological structure?

Answer 46

Central nervous system