Unit 1 - LAA4 - Genetics & Inheritance

Question 1

Where are genes found?

Answer 1

In chromosomes

Question 2

What are genes a collection of?

Answer 2

Inherited DNA

Question 3

Who do we inherit copies of each gene from?

Answer 3

Biological parent

Question 4

Genotype and Phenotype are examples of…

Answer 4

Genetic information we inherit

Question 5

What is meant by genotype?

Answer 5

Information we inherit and are present at birth

Question 6

What is meant by phenotype?

Answer 6

Physical expression of the genotype after it has interacted with the environment

Question 7

Give an example of a factor that can impact the expression of genes

Answer 7

Diet / living conditions / pollution

Question 8

Genes alone determine all your physical and non-physical characteristics - true or false?

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What do studies of identical twins illustrate?

Answer 9

How different factors like smoking, sun exposure, depression and weight gain can influence aging

Question 10

How do we study genetics/heredity?

Answer 10

Twin studies

Question 11

What two things do researchers look at in twin studies?

Answer 11

Concordance rates & the environment the twins develop in

Question 12

What is meant by a ‘concordance rate’?

Answer 12

The probability to which twins/parents share the same characteristics

Question 13

The probability to which twins/parents share the same characteristics is called…

Answer 13

Concordance rate

Question 14

What do biological psychologists use twin studies for?

Answer 14

To investigate the effect of genes on behaviour

Question 15

What are the two types of twins?

Answer 15

Monozygotic (MZ) and Dizygotic (DZ)

Question 16

Monozygotic (MZ) twins are…

Answer 16

genetically identical

Question 17

Dizygotic (DZ) twins are…

Answer 17

genetically non-identical

Question 18

Give an example of a characteristic twin studies have been used for

Answer 18

Intelligence / Aggression

Question 19

How is a concordance rate expressed?

Answer 19

As a percentage which shows the degree of similarity

Question 20

What does a concordance rate of 0% mean?

Answer 20

No similarity

Question 21

What does a concordance rate of 100% mean?

Answer 21

Identical - share the same characteristic

Question 22

What % of their genes do identical twins share?

Answer 22

100%

Question 23

What % of their genes do non-identical twins share?

Answer 23

50%

Question 24

What is a problem of studying identical twins?

Answer 24

They also share an environment

Question 25

Who are the ideal twins to study in twin studies?

Answer 25

Twins who have been reared apart

Question 26

What pair of chromosomes do females have?

Answer 26

XX

Question 27

What pair of chromosomes do males have?

Answer 27

XY

Question 28

What gene is located on the Y chromosome?

Answer 28

Sex-determining region gene (SRY gene)

Question 29

What does the presence of the SRY gene do?

Answer 29

Switches on other genes and initiates the prenatal development of male genitalia

Question 30

What happens without the SRY gene?

Answer 30

The other genes remain switched off and the embryo develops as a female

Question 31

What does the SRY gene cause the release of and what does this lead to?

Answer 31

Testosterone into the womb, leads to some changes in brain development

Question 32

The SRY gene provides examples of genes impacting on...

Answer 32

Physical development & Psychological development

Question 33

How does the SRY gene provide an example of genes impacting on physical development?

Answer 33

SRY switches on other genes and initiates the pre-natal development of male genitalia

Question 34

How does the SRY gene provide an example of genes impacting on psychological development?

Answer 34

SRY causes the release of testosterone into the womb which leads to some changes in brain development

Question 35

What is a practical application of genetics?

Answer 35

Stress management techniques to prevent someone from becoming depressed

Question 36

Give one strength of genetics

Answer 36

Practical applications / Strong evidence to support

Question 37

What has evidence to support the role of the SRY gene on development shown?

Answer 37

When SRY is mutated it cannot perform the function of engaging testicular development

Question 38

Give one weakness of the influence of genes

Answer 38

It is oversimplified

Question 39

How is the influence of genes oversimplified?

Answer 39

Genes are not the sole cause for our behaviour / Other factors may trigger the response

Question 40

What is another factor that may trigger development of a behaviour?

Answer 40

Environment