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BTEC Applied Psych - STAFF > Unit 3 - LAB2 - Physiological Addiction (SMOKING) > Flashcards

Unit 3 - LAB2 - Physiological Addiction (SMOKING) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two biological explanations of smoking addiction?

A

Brain neurochemical

Genetics

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2
Q

What is the main addictive chemical in cigarettes?

A

Nicotine

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3
Q

What gets released from the adrenal glands?

A

Adrenaline

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4
Q

Nicotine stimulates the brain to release ….

A

Adrenaline

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5
Q

Where is adrenaline released from?

A

Adrenal Glands

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6
Q

Adrenaline leads to what biological changes?

A

Increased pulse rate and blood pressure

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7
Q

Martika smokes a cigarette. What changes will occur in her brain

A

Dopamine is released
Leading to pleasure
making her want to smoke again

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8
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released due to nicotine?

A

Dopamine

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9
Q

Dopamine leads to which changes?

A

Reduce stress and increase feelings of pleasure

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10
Q

What side effects of nicotine are there?

A

Headaches and dizziness

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11
Q

What is the gene linked to addiction?

A

DRD2

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12
Q

Initiation: People begin to smoke because ..

A

It boosts mood and reduces irritability by stimulating dopamine.

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13
Q

Lucas is a heavy smoker. Lucas is hard to work with in the hour before lunch because he gets angry easily and seems quite sad. How will smoking help Lucas?

A

Boost his mood
Make him less irritable

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14
Q

Stimulating dopamine can boost … and reduce …

A

Boost mood
Reduce Irritability

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15
Q

Dopamine activate the brain’s

A

reward pathway

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16
Q

Smoking has both a …

A

stimulating and calming effect.

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17
Q

Genetics argues a person has a … to addiction.

A

Predisposition

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18
Q

What is it called when more of a drug is needed to obtain the same effect?

A

Tolerance

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19
Q

What is tolerance?

A

Where more of a drug is needed to obtain the same effect.

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20
Q

Kylie started smoking 5 cigarettes a day. One year on she is smoking 20 cigarettes a day. Why is this?

A

Tolerance - Kylie needs to smoke more to feel the same benefit

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21
Q

If a person does not smoke it can lead to …

A

Withdrawal symptoms

22
Q

What is nicotine regulation?

A

Attempting to maintain the buzz of smoking and reduce the withdrawal symptoms.

23
Q

What is being described here? Mike has has a cigarette 2 hours ago. He is starting to get irritable with his work colleagues.

A

Withdrawal symptoms

24
Q

Lucy’s parents are both heavy smokers. She is likely to have inherited a gene for addiction. What is the gene likely to be?

A

DRD2

25
Q

What are the physical symptoms of smoking withdrawal?

A

Shaking
Headache
Vomiting
Sweating

26
Q

What are the psychological symptoms of withdrawal?

A

Craving
Anxiety
Depression
Difficulty concentrating

27
Q

Jason is in a state of smoking withdrawal. Name three symptoms of this.

A

Physical: Shaking, headaches, vomiting and sweating
Psychological: Craving, Anxiety, depression and concentrating difficulty.

28
Q

Midge hasn’t smoked for 2 hours. He can’t focus on his work and is feeling very stressed. What is he experiencing?

A

Psychological symptoms of withdrawal

29
Q

What is a strength of the brain neurochemical explanation?

A

Scientific and objective

30
Q

What is the strength of the genetic explanation?

A

Objective and testable

31
Q

Both of the biological explanations are limited because they are …

A

Reductionist

32
Q

The biological explanations are reductionist because they ignore …

A

social and behavioural factors.

33
Q

Learning approach of smoking is a product of which three things?

A

Social Learning Theory
Operant conditioning
Classical Conditioning

34
Q

How does Social Learning Theory explain smoking initiation?

A

Observe role models e.g. parents and imitate the behaviour to be more like them

35
Q

How does Classical conditioning explain smoking initiation?

A

Learn to associate smoking with pleasurable feelings e.g. being with friends

36
Q

How does Operant conditioning explain smoking initiation?

A

Individuals are rewarded for smoking e.g. stress relief

37
Q

How does operant conditioning explain addiction maintenance? Two ways are needed

A

Maintain the reward of smoking
Alongside the avoidance of withdrawal symptoms

38
Q

How does classical conditioning explain smoking addiction maintenance?

A

Continued association between smoking and positive experiences

39
Q

How does classical conditioning explain smoking relapse?

A

Continuing to engage in behaviours associated with smoking e.g. going to the pub with other smokers

40
Q

What are conditioned cues?

A

Behaviour which were previously associated with smoking e.g. going to the pub with other smokers.

41
Q

How does operant conditioning explain smoking relapse?

A

The reward of smoking when they take it up again
Alongside the avoidance of withdrawal symptoms due to quitting smoking.

42
Q

What is self efficacy?

A

A person’s belief in their own ability to achieve a goal.

43
Q

If a person has low self efficacy are they more or less likely to quit smoking?

A

Less likely

44
Q

Why might a person with low self efficacy be less likely to quit smoking?

A

High self doubt

45
Q

What is a cognitive factor in the behaviourist approach?

A

Self efficacy

46
Q

In terms of self efficacy, how can help a person to stop smoking?

A

Find ways to enhance it
Understanding the level people know how likely they are to succeed.

47
Q

Name a practical application of the learning approach?

A

Aversion Therapies

48
Q

How do aversion therapies work?

A

Person learns negative associations to smoking rather than positive.

49
Q

How can enhanced knowledge be a strength of the learning approach?

A

Understand secondary associations which can influence smoking addiction e.g. coffee drinking can trigger nicotine cravings.

50
Q

Why is the behaviourist approach reductionist?

A

Ignores the biological factors in addiction e.g. genes

51
Q

Why is it an issue if the rewards of behavioural approach are short term?

A

It doesn’t explain long term behaviour of smoking

BTEC Applied Psych - STAFF (47 decks)

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