Unit 1 - LAA1 - Remembering

Question 1

What is meant by memory retrieval?

Answer 1

the process of bringing information back from the long term memory

Question 2

What are the 3 different memory stores?

Answer 2

Sensory register, Short term memory and long term memory

Question 3

During retrieval what memory stores are being used?

Answer 3

short term and long term memory

Question 4

After information is retrieved from long term memory, where does the information go?

Answer 4

it temporarily gets stored in the short term memory before if goes back to long term memory

Question 5

What is the key term for information being moved from long term memory to short term memory?

Answer 5

memory retrieval

Question 6

What increases the likelihood of information being forgotten?

Answer 6

the longer the information is not retrieved

Question 7

what is meant by forgetting?

Answer 7

when information stored starts to decay

Question 8

How does the mind avoid forgetting?

Answer 8

recognition and recall

Question 9

Which method is the most effective in avoiding forgetting?

Answer 9

Recall

Question 10

What is meant by recognition?

Answer 10

When you can identify information due to an external cue

Question 11

What is meant by recall?

Answer 11

retrieving the information from the long term memory

Question 12

What is the difference between recall and recognition?

Answer 12

recognition is when the information is familiar but cannot occur without a cue whereas recall can occur with/without a cue

Question 13

Give an example of recognition

Answer 13

You know who created the multistore model of memory but you can’t remember their name

Question 14

What type of process is recognition?

Answer 14

an unconscious process

Question 15

what is meant by an unconscious process?

Answer 15

Something that occurs out of our control

Question 16

What is meant by free recall?

Answer 16

when information can be pulled from the LTM without a cue

Question 17

What is meant by cue recall?

Answer 17

When information can be pulled from the LTM with the help of a cue

Question 18

How does cue recall occur?

Answer 18

During learning, we associate the info with either an internal (emotion) or external (environment) cue

Question 19

What type of process is free recall?

Answer 19

automatic process

Question 20

Who conducted research on recall and recognition?

Answer 20

Bahrick

Question 21

How did Bahrick investigated recall and recognition?

Answer 21

testing high school graduates on their memory of their former class mates with either a photo cue or no photo cue

Question 22

In Bahricks research, what were the percentages of students who accurately recalled their classmates names?

Answer 22

70% of participants who had a photo
30% of participants who had no photo

Question 23

What does Bahrick’s research show us?

Answer 23

recall is better with a cue

Question 24

what is meant by a cue?

Answer 24

a cue is a internal or external clue

Question 25

What is meant by meaningful cues?

Answer 25

a cue that has significance to the information

Question 26

What is meant by a cue without meaning?

Answer 26

a simple cue that has been connected but doesn’t have any significance to the information

Question 27

What types of cues without meaning can you have

Answer 27

state and context dependent cues

Question 28

What is meant by state dependent cue?

Answer 28

a cue based on your physical and or emotional state

Question 29

What is meant by context dependent cues?

Answer 29

a cue based on the environment

Question 30

Who conducted research on context dependent cues?

Answer 30

Godden and Baddeley

Question 31

How did Godden and Baddeley investigate context dependent cues

Answer 31

got deep sea divers to learn a list of words either on land or underwater then recall in the same/ opposite condition

Question 32

What were the four conditions used in Godden and Baddeley’s research

Answer 32

• Learn on land- Recall on land.
• Learn on land- Recall underwater.
• Learn underwater- Recall on land.
• Learn underwater- Recall underwater

Question 33

What did Godden and Baddeley find?

Answer 33

There was a 40% lower accuracy when information was recalled in a different condition to when it was learnt.

Question 34

Who conducted research on state dependent cues?

Answer 34

Carter and Cassaday

Question 35

How did Carter and Cassaday investigate state dependent cues?

Answer 35

Gave antihistamine drugs to their participants which has a mild sedative effect making the participant slightly drowsy, then got participants to learn a list of words

Question 36

What did Carter and Cassaday find when investigating state dependent cues?

Answer 36

They found that when there was a mismatch between internal states at learning and recall, performance on the memory test was significantly worse

Question 37

What were the four conditions used in Carter and Cassaday’s research?

Answer 37

• Learn on drug- Recall when on drug.
• Learn on drug- Recall when not on drug.
• Learn not on drug- Recall when on drug.
• Learn not on drug- Recall when not on drug

Question 38

Why is it important that we understand how information is forgotten in the real world?

Answer 38

It can help us develop techniques to avoid forgetting in different settings i.e. education or for eyewitness testimonies

Question 39

Based off our knowledge of remembering, What was created to help avoid forgetting in eye witness testimonies?

Answer 39

Cognitive interview

Question 40

How does the cognitive interview improve the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?

Answer 40

it enhances the retrieval of information about a crime scene from the eyewitnesses and victim’s memory

Question 41

What 4 techniques are involved in the cognitive interview?

Answer 41

Stage 1: Reinstate the context
Stage 2: Recall events in reverse order
Stage 3: Report everything they can remember
Stage 4: Describe events from someone else’s point of view

Question 42

What is meant by reinstate the context?

Answer 42

getting the witness to think back to the incident to get the context and state dependent cues

Question 43

What is meant by recall in reverse order?

Answer 43

getting the witness to recall the events from a different chronological order

Question 44

What is meant by recall everything?

Answer 44

getting the witness to recall everything they can remember even if the information seems unimportant

Question 45

What is meant by recall from a different point of view?

Answer 45

getting the witness to recall the event from someone else at the scene i.e. another witness