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BTEC Applied Psych - STAFF > Unit 3 - LAB3 - Non-Physiological Addiction (SHOPPING) > Flashcards

Unit 3 - LAB3 - Non-Physiological Addiction (SHOPPING) Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the two types of shopping addiction

A

Impulsive shopping and Compulsive shopping

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2
Q

Define impulsive shopping

A

Unplanned purchases due to a sudden desire for an item

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3
Q

Name one positive effect of shopping addiction

A

Boosts self-esteem and makes the purchaser feel good

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3
Q

Define compulsive shopping

A

Pre-planned and carried out to escape negative feelings

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4
Q

Name one negative effect of shopping addiction

A

Undermining trust with significant others / causing relationship breakdown

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5
Q

The learning approach suggests that people learn from…

A

Interaction with the environment and by imitating role models

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6
Q

What does the learning approach suggest about people who wear fashionable clothes and drive expensive cars?

A

They are rewarded and positively reinforced in society

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7
Q

What two forms of learning does celebrity endorsement use?

A

Vicarious reinforcement and Classical conditioning

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8
Q

What did Knoll and Matthes (2017) find out about the use of celebrities in adverts?

A

Shoppers’ attitudes towards a product were significantly more positive when a celebrity was used to advertise the product

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9
Q

How does Knoll and Matthes (2017) research highlight the role of Learning Theory in shopping addiction?

A

Shoppers’ attitudes towards a product were significantly more positive when a celebrity was used to advertise the product

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10
Q

What did Dittmar (2005) look at?

A

Gender differences in shopping behaviour

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11
Q

What did Dittmar (2005) find out about gender differences in shopping behaviour?

A

Both men and women can become compulsive shoppers, but of different items

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12
Q

What did Dittmar (2005) find women tend to buy more of?

A

Clothes, shoes, make-up and jewelry

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13
Q

What did Dittmar (2005) find men tend to buy more of?

A

Electronic goods and hardware such as tools

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14
Q

What two factors contribute to shopping initiation?

A

Ease of credit and online shopping

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15
Q

How do role models influence shopping behaviour?

A

Purchases aspire to be like them

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16
Q

Adverts show celebrity role models being reinforced for product use - what does this give shoppers?

A

Vicarious reinforcement

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17
Q

Shopping can be reinforced by rewards - give an example of a reward

A

Compliments on purchases

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18
Q

Shopping can become associated with enhanced mood - what theory is this?

A

Classical conditioning

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19
Q

How can classical conditioning explain shopping addiction?

A

Shopping can become associated with enhanced mood

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20
Q

According to classical conditioning, what can shopping become associated with?

A

Enhanced mood

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21
Q

According to operant conditioning, what can shopping be reinforced by?

A

Rewards such as compliments on purchases

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22
Q

When addicts decide to buy a product, what can they experience a reward of?

A

An adrenaline rush

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23
Q

When in a favourite shop or website, an addict’s body releases…

A

Dopamine

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24
Q

When in a favourite shop or website, an addict’s body releases dopamine. What is the effect of this?

A

Excites the brain reward’s pathway

25
Q

What does getting sale bargains or obtaining a rare or exclusive item provide for some addicts?

A

Positive reinforcement

26
Q

Give an example of a continual environmental cue that may trigger an addict’s behaviour and need to shop

A

Shop windows and adverts

27
Q

How can continual environmental cues contribute to relapses in shopping behaviour?

A

They are difficult to avoid and can trigger the need to shop

28
Q

How can relapses in shopping behaviour be explained by negative reinforcement?

A

A return to shopping diminishes withdrawal symptoms

29
Q

Give one strength of the learning approach to explaining shopping addiction

A

Research to support

30
Q

Give one weakness of the learning approach to explaining shopping addiction

A

Reductionist

31
Q

What might be the best explanation of a shopping addiction?

A

A combined learning/cognitive approach

32
Q

What does the cognitive approach suggest about shopping behaviour?

A

People use shopping as a form of self-medication

33
Q

Who may use shopping to make themselves feel better?

A

People who have mental health issues

34
Q

According to the cognitive approach, why might people who have mental health issues shop?

A

To make themselves feel better

35
Q

In the cognitive approach to shopping, what is the rational thought process of shopping replaced with?

A

The irrational thought that purchases will solve problems

36
Q

Shopping addiction can start if the individual expects a behaviour to have a positive outcome. For example…

A

Relief of boredom

37
Q

If people buy products that make them look attractive, what might they believe about shopping?

A

It improves their self-esteem

38
Q

According to the cognitive approach, what can shopping be a coping strategy for?

A

Distress

39
Q

According the the cognitive approach, what can drive a shopping addiction?

A

Excitement

40
Q

How does cognitive bias explain why people continue to shop?

A

The person thinks it is helping them, even if it puts them into debt

41
Q

When shopping, what don’t addicts think about?

A

The money they are spending

42
Q

Addicts believe that shopping reduces anxiety and boredom. However, what does their stress increase with?

A

The financial consequences

43
Q

What do addicts believe that shopping reduces?

A

Anxiety and boredom

44
Q

Some people know their shopping has negative financial consequences, but what do they falsely believe?

A

They can control their behaviour

45
Q

Some people feel guilty and disappointed after shopping. Why do they then continue to shop?

A

It makes them feel better again (self-medication)

46
Q

According to the self-medication model, withdrawal from shopping is ________, whereas shopping is ___________

A

boring, exciting

47
Q

A relapsing shopper may feel anxious before purchasing. Why are they driven to continue shopping?

A

They know that they will feel better afterwards

48
Q

If a person has gotten into debt through shopping, they may experience anxiety. How is this relieved?

A

By relapsing

49
Q

According to the self-medication model, when might coping strategies break down?

A

If the person feels overwhelmed by their life issues

50
Q

What did Valence (1988) investigate?

A

The link between childhood trauma and shopping addiction

51
Q

What did Valence (1988) find?

A

Compulsive shoppers reported significantly more childhood problems than the control group

52
Q

What did Black (2007) investigate?

A

The relationship between shopping addiction and the existence of other mental health issues

53
Q

What did Black (2007) find?

A

Many people with shopping addictions also have other issues, such as anxiety and depression

54
Q

Give one strength of the cognitive approach to explaining shopping addiction

A

Explains how distorted thinking and behaviour may result in people getting into debt due to shopping addiction / Research evidence to support

55
Q

Name one piece of research evidence to support the cognitive approach to explaining shopping addiction

A

Valence (1988) / Black (2007)

56
Q

Give one weakness of the cognitive approach to explaining shopping addiction

A

Hard to establish cause and effect / Reductionist

57
Q

Why is the cognitive approach to explaining shopping addiction reductionist?

A

It doesn’t account for non-cognitive factors such as learning and biology

58
Q

Why is it difficult to establish cause and effect in the cognitive approach to explaining shopping addiction?

A

Unclear whether anxiety and need for excitement caused the shopping addiction or are a consequence of it

59
Q

Why is the learning approach to explaining shopping addiction reductionist?

A

Doesn’t account for cognitive explanations of shopping such as self-medication

60
Q

Name one piece of research evidence to support the learning approach to explaining shopping addiction

A

Knoll and Matthes (2017) / Dittmar (2005)

BTEC Applied Psych - STAFF (49 decks)

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