types of practice

Question 1

what are the methods of presenting practice

Answer 1

whole, whole-part-whole and progressive part

Question 2

what are the types of practice

Answer 2

massed, distributed, variable, mental practice

Question 3

factors to consider when selecting the appropriate method (6)

Answer 3

stage of learning
fitness
motivation
skill classification
time available
safety of skill

Question 4

definition of whole practice

Answer 4

involves performing the skill in its entirety without breaking it up into sub routines

Question 5

why is whole practice ideal (2)

Answer 5

promotes understanding
establishes links between sub-routines and creates fluency

Question 6

what is an example of whole practice

Answer 6

golf swing (played by an experienced player because it is discrete and hard to breakdown

Question 7

advantages of whole practice (3 + 1 extended)

Answer 7

gives a feel for the whole skill

links between subroutines are maintained

allows movement to be more fluent

reduces time needed to perfect the skill
- helps creates specific images that can be stored as a motor program (ltm)
- more realistic promotes +transfer between in practice and in the game
- makes the skill more consistent

Question 8

disadvantages for whole practice (3)

Answer 8

performer may not be able to cope with all the aspects of the skill at once (beginner)

performers quickly fatigue

information overload

Question 9

what is whole part whole practice

Answer 9

assessing the skill, identifying a weaknesses to practice then putting the skill back together

performer attempts the whole skill to get a feel for the movement, then the skill is broken down into parts, each part is practiced individually/ weaknesses are highlighted, practiced and but back into whole skill

Question 10

an example of WPW practice

Answer 10

when practicing a tennis serve the coach can take out the ball toss if it is a weakness

Question 11

advantages of WPW practice

Answer 11

motivation when a longstanding weakness has been overcome

immediate feedback

corrects errors

improves performance

maintains feel for whole skill and the transition between components

improves the selected weakness and allows it to be integrated into the whole action

Question 12

disadvantages of WPW practice

Answer 12

may produce negative transfer if done incorrectly (doesnt integrate back into skill at the end)

as soon as the weakness is rectified it needs replacing as soon as possible

more time consuming than doing the whole skill

Question 13

what is progressive part practice

Answer 13

practicing the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually sometimes called chaining

Question 14

when is ppp used

Answer 14

for serial skills, the links between subroutines need to be made, danger may make it a neccessity, low skill level- makes to parts clear, complex then isolates difficult part

Question 15

example of when ppp is used

Answer 15

gymnastic floor routine or triple jump

Question 16

advantages of ppp

Answer 16

learner focuses on one part at a time
allows correction for weaknesses
allows rest so fatigue is reduced
promotes success - increasing motivation
success is achieved in stages
improves confidence

Question 17

disadvantages of ppp

Answer 17

time consuming, lose the feel of the skill, may ignore links between subroutines, negative transfer may occur so make sure the subroutine is properly learnt before moving on.

Question 18

what is massed practice

Answer 18

continuous no rest between activities

Question 19

example of massed practice

Answer 19

basketball shooting, cricket throw downs

Question 20

advantages of massed practice

Answer 20

promotes fitness

makes skill automatic as motor programmes are grooved

gets job done quickly fixed responses become habit

skill can be repeated consistently

Question 21

disadvantages for massed practice

Answer 21

con produce fatigue

must make practice similar to game situation to avoid negative transfer

must be simple due to high demands

Question 22

what is distributed practice

Answer 22

rest intervals between sets or sessions

Question 23

when is distributed practice used

Answer 23

for open, complex and externally paced skills

Question 24

what are the advantages of distributed practice

Answer 24

reduces pressure on performer

reduces fatigue

good for beginners, more controlled environment

specific feedback can be given between efforts

allows for mental practice

motivation from praise and seeing improvements

improves safety

Question 25

what are some disadvantages for distributed practice

Answer 25

time consuming/slower progress

experts may not benefit

danger of negative transfer if not integrated

Question 26

what is varied practice

Answer 26

changing the format of practice and drills

Question 27

when is varied practice used

Answer 27

open, externally paced and continuous skills

Question 28

what are some advantages of varied practice

Answer 28

adds variety and makes it less boring

increases motivation

allows adaption of existing skills

allows adaptation to changing game situations

Question 29

what are some disadvantages to varied practice

Answer 29

more time consuming

danger of negative transfer

info overload

danger of fatigue

need to make sure skill is secured before they can be adapted or challenged

Question 30

what is an example of varied practice

Answer 30

BEEF in a basketball lesson
practice shot
move back
add static defender
then 2v1
etc

Question 31

what is mental practice

Answer 31

going over the skill in your mind without movement

external eg viewing yourself on tv
or
internal eg kinaesthesis, looking at anxieties and mental control

Question 32

what is an example of mental practice

Answer 32

a mountain biker practicing the track before the race

Question 33

what are the general advantages to mental practice

Answer 33

improves confidence

stimulates muscle receptors making your more prepared

decreases reaction time

improves cognitive decision making

useful when injured as you can maintain skill memory

Question 34

advantages of mental practice for beginners

Answer 34

it is short

key parts are highlighted

lower arousal and anxiety

builds confidence and motivation

creates image of the skill

Question 35

advantages of mental practice for experts

Answer 35

preestablished so coach doesnt have to be present or take up training time

pre focus on opponents weaknesses

increases performance
-decreases reaction time
-activates muscles
-promotes automatic responses