respiratory system

Question 1

what are some impacts of smoking on respiration

Answer 1

damaged alveoli
decreased ability to be active
decreased intensity of exercise that can be tolerated
decreased movement of o2 through airways
decreased cardiovascular endurance
increased risk of asthma attack during exercise
increased risk of asthma
and risk of bronchitis
and cvd
and emphysema
lung cancer

Question 2

how is inspiration/expiration controlled by the nervous system at REST

Answer 2

few signals/messages from baro, proprio, chemoreceptors are send to the inspiratory centre in the medulla oblongata.

the ones that are are sent along the phrenic nerve to the inspiratory muscles (diaphragm and external intercostals) they contract and a breath in taken in

to breath out no impulse is sent along the phrenic nerve and so passive expiration occurs

Question 3

how is inspiration/expiration controlled by the nervous system during exercise

Answer 3

there is an increase in the messages sent to the inspiratory centre in the medulla oblongata from baro, proprio, chemoreceptors

the medulla sends and impulse down the phrenic nerve to also initiate the sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pectoralis minor to contract increasing breathing rate and depth

this will cause stretch receptors in the lungs to send an impulse to the expiratory centre in the medulla oblongata (to prevent over inflation) and it will send impulses down the intercostal nerve to the abdominals and the internal intercostals to contract causing FORCED expiration (exp incr)

Question 4

which ns increases and which decreasing breathing activity

Answer 4

sympathetic increases rate and depth

parasympathetic decreases rate and depth