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alevel pe aqa > neuromuscular system > Flashcards

neuromuscular system Flashcards

1
Q

slow twitch muscle fibres are also known as

A

type 1 muscle fibres

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2
Q

type 2 a are also known as

A

fast oxidative glycolytic fibres

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3
Q

type 2 b are also known as

A

fast glycolytic

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4
Q

what are the 6/7 things to remember when describing muscles fibres

A

how fast they contract
aerobic or anaerobic
blood cells and colour
myoglobin+ mitochondria levels
fatigue?
sporting examples

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5
Q

type 1- slow twitch muscle fibres

A

contract slowly
produce small power
do not fatigue quickly
aerobically powered
high rbc content that carries o2
high myoglobin + mitochondria
long dist, endurance events eg walking and marathon

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6
Q

type 2a - fast twitch

A

contract quickly and with power- mid

anaerobically powered but do use small percentage of oxygen
fatigue fairly quickly

limited red blood cells and appear pink
fewer myoglobin and mitochondria than type 1

quick events that involve prolonging power, speed and explosive qualities (1-2 mins) eg 400m and 800m running

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7
Q

type 2b - fast twitch

A

contract the quickest and with the most power

powered anaerobically
have minimal o2 supply and use ATP/PC energy system

they are white as they have few to zero rbcs

have no myoglobin and mitochondria

fatigue very quickly

fast explosive events 100m sprint, shot, discus

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8
Q

major storage fuel for type 1 fibres

A

triglycerides

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9
Q

major storage fuel for type 2a

A

glycogen

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10
Q

major storage fuel for type 2b

A

PC

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11
Q

myosin ATPase levels for type 1

A

low

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12
Q

myosin ATPase for type 2a

A

intermediate

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13
Q

myosin ATPase for type 2b

A

high

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14
Q

glycogen stores for type 2a

A

high

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15
Q

glycogen stores for type 1

A

low

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16
Q

glycolytic capacity for type 1

A

low

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17
Q

glycogen stores for type 2b

A

very high

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18
Q

glycolytic capacity for type 2a

A

high

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19
Q

glycolytic capacity for type 2b

A

very high

20
Q

capillary density for type 1

A

high

21
Q

capillary density for type 2a

A

intermediate

22
Q

capillary density for type 2b

A

low

23
Q

muscle fibre diameter for type 1

A

small

24
Q

muscle fibre density for type 2a

A

intermediate

25
Q

muscle fibre density for type 2b

A

very large

26
Q

size of motor neurone for type 2b

A

large

27
Q

size of motor neurone for type 1

A

small

28
Q

size of motor neurone for type 2a

A

large

29
Q

activity type for type 1

A

aerobic

30
Q

activity type for type 2b

A

short anaerobic

31
Q

activity type for type 2a

A

longer anaerobic

32
Q

what benefit does having a large motor neurone have

A

the larger the motor neurone the larger the connection to the muscle fibre so a more powerful contraction happens

33
Q

what is the parasympathetic nervous system

A

lowers hr
calms us down
release acetylcholine

34
Q

what is the sympathetic nervous system

A

prepares us for exercise
increases hr
fight or flight
release of adrenaline

35
Q

the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are part of the?

A

peripheral nervous system which transmits information from the brain to parts of the body so they can adjust

36
Q

what is a neuromuscular interaction

A

eg a muscle contraction involves the muscular system working with the nervous system

37
Q

what is a motor unit

A

the motor neurone and the muscle fibres stimulated

38
Q

what is the dependent on which the amount of fibres are stimulated

A

on the precision of the movement

39
Q

describe the amount of fibres stimulated for powerful movements

A

many fibres are stimulated eg 2000 per unit when powerful movements occur, for example a basketball jumpshot

40
Q

describe the amount of fibres stimulated for precise movements

A

few fibres are stimulated eg 1-5 per unit eg eye movement or spin bowling in the wrist

41
Q

motor units are recruited depending on

A

the activity being undertaken

the need twitch/time response

42
Q

what is a motor end plate

A

the point at which the motor neurone meets the muscle

43
Q

describe the neuromuscular junction

A

calcium ions enter the synaptic knob which releases the transmitter chemical acetylcholine which aids the spread of the impulse across the synaptic cleft

if enough ACE is released there is a change in the permeability of the sarcolemma to sodium and potassium ions
now the muscle fibre has action potential giving it the capability to contract

44
Q

what is the all or none law

A

Either all muscle fibres contract or none do, minimum threshold of stimulation must be reached

45
Q

what is wave summation

A

Repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax so a smooth sustained contraction occurs, rather than twitches. one impulse is sent and then a second before the first one is received

46
Q
A

alevel pe aqa (41 decks)

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