aerobic system Flashcards
what is the intensity like
low as it requires oxygen
what is the energy yield compared to the anaerobic process
18 times greater yield
what is stage one called
anaerobic glycolysis
how many molecules of ATP are produced in stage one and where do they come from
net gain of 2 although really 3 but one is used up in the resynthesis of adp + p, the energy comes from the breakdown of glucose
what happens to pyruvic acid instead of converting into lactic acid
in the presence of oxygen it is converted into 2 acetyl groups which diffuse into the matrix of the mitochondria
what is stage 2 called
the krebs cycle
what happens to the 2 acetyl groups from pyruvic acid
they form acetyl coenzyme a
what is the equation the krebs cycle
acetyl coenzyme a + oxaloacetic acid = citric acid
what happens to the citric acid in the krebs cycle
it undergoes oxidative carboxylation and the carbon and hydrogen are removed
what happens to the carbon given off in the krebs cycle
it is oxidised/undergoes oxidation and forms carbon dioxide which is transported to the lungs and is expired
what happens to the hydrogen given off in the krebs cycle
it is taken to the electron transport chaint
the process of rearranging citric acid produced how many molecules of ATP
2
where is the hydrogen transported to in the mitochondria and what by
cristae by hydrogen carries called NAD and FAD
in the ETC what is the hydrogen split into
hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons that are charged with potential energy
what happens to the hydrogen ions in the ETC
they are oxidised and combine with oxyegen to from H2O which is expired
what happens to the electrons in the ETC
the pairs are split to provide energy to resynthesize atp produced 34 atp
each pair of electrons provides sufficient energy to resynthesize
2 or 3 ATP molecules dependent on the carrier
what is the overall amount of atp produced from this system
net 38 molecules of ATP
advantage: 1 molecule of glucose…
provides energy to resynthesize 38 molecules of ATP
advantage: no…
fatiguing biproducts
advantage: lots of glycogen and triglyceride stores so
exercise can last a long time
disadvantage: complicated system…
it cannot be used straight away only after 3 minutes
disadvantage: fatty acid transportation to….
muscles is low and requires 15% more oxygen to be broken down within glycogen, you need to work within 40%-60% of your maxhr zone
beta oxidation is
the breakdown of fats
describe beta oxidation
the fatty acids are converted into acetyl coenzyme A and enters into the krebs cycle, this fat metabolism then follows the same path as glycogen metabolism, more ATP can be made from 1 fatty acid molecule than one molecule of glucose in long duration low intensity exercise where fatty acids can be the prodominant energy source depending on the fitness of the performer
stored fat is broken down into
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
one molecule of glucose provides enough energy to
resynthesize 38 ATPs
