types of forgetting and ewt

Question 1

what is forgetting

Answer 1

loss of the ability to recall or recognise something that has been previously learned

Question 2

what are the 2 types of interference

Answer 2

retroactive and proactive

Question 3

what is proactive interference

Answer 3

is when and old or previous memory/learning prevents recall of more recent information

Question 4

what is retroactive interference

Answer 4

is when new/recent information prevents recall of previously learned information

Question 5

what are limitations of interference theory (2)

Answer 5

supporting evidence is lab based wmt it is artificial + low mundane realism + low ecological validity

only explains some forgetting when memories are similar or competing

Question 6

when 2 memories are more similar…..

Answer 6

the more likely interference will occur

Question 7

why does interference occur

Answer 7

competition between correct and incorrect responses. it is the strength of the incorrect response that appears to result in interference rather than the weakness of the correct response

Question 8

what is retrieval failure

Answer 8

when information is available but cannot be recalled because of the absence of appropriate cues

Question 9

what is a cue

Answer 9

something that is linked to a memory that triggers recall by enabling us access to that memory

Question 10

forgetting in ltm is thought to be largely due to a

Answer 10

lack of accessibility rather than a lack of availability

Question 11

what are the 2 categories of types of cues

Answer 11

external (context) and internal

Question 12

what are the 2 types of external cues

Answer 12

explicit cues linked to learning material

environmental context

Question 13

what is an example of explicit cues linked to learning material

Answer 13

names of categories as a prompt

Question 14

what is an example of an environmental cue

Answer 14

where you were when you learned the information

Question 15

what is the 1 type of internal cue

Answer 15

emotional/ psychological or physiological state

Question 16

example of psychological and physiological state

Answer 16

psych: relaxed or anxious
phys: drunk or sober

Question 17

what does the encoding specificity principal support and who by

Answer 17

an explanation of retrieval failure (by tulving and thomson)

Question 18

what did tulving suggest (ESP)

Answer 18

that forgetting occurs when there is a poor match of fit between the information contained in the memory trace and the cues available at the time of attempted retrieval.

Question 19

according to the ESP when we

Answer 19

acquire memories we encode them with links to other information which existed at the time of acquisition. and this can act as a cue

Question 20

def of ewt

Answer 20

evidence given by a witness to a significant event

Question 21

errors can occur in

Answer 21

ANY stage of memory: acquisition/encoding, storage, retrieval

Question 22

what is reconstructive memory

Answer 22

refers to a memory distorted by the individuals prior knowledge and expectations