brain localisation Flashcards

localisation of function and hemispheric lateralisation and split brain research

1
Q

what is the localisation of function? the belief that specific …

A

the belief that specific areas of the brain are associated with specific functions
eg language, memory

Different parts of the brain perform different functions. Functions are specific to individual parts of the brain.

also known as cortical specialisation

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2
Q

what does hemispheric lateralisation refer to? the fact that the 2 ….

A

the idea that the 2 halves of the brain are not the same, each has its own functional specialisms, the 2 hemispheres perform different functions

lateralisation- some mental processes are specialised to the r/l side

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3
Q

which hemisphere is responsible for visual and spatial tasks

A

the right

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4
Q

what connects the left and right hemisphere

A

the corpus callosum

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5
Q

which hemisphere is responsible for speech and language tasks

A

left

Language skills are hemispherically lateralised to the left hemisphere

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6
Q

SPATIAL skills are hemispherically lateralised to the RIGHT hemisphere and performed in the right hemisphere only, true or false

A

true

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7
Q

what is the motor cortex responsible for

A

generation of voluntary motor movements

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8
Q

where is the motor cortex located which lobe

A

back of the frontal lobe in a region known as precentral gyrus

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9
Q

do both hemispheres of the brain have a motor cortex

A

yes

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10
Q

the motor cortex on one side of the brain controls….

A

the muscles on the opposite side of the body

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11
Q

different parts of the motor cortex exert control over different …..

A

parts of the body and they are arranged logically
eg the region that controls the foot is next to the region that controls the leg

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12
Q

what are the 4 different cortexes i need to know

A

motor, somatosensory, visual centres-cortex, auditory centres- cortex

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13
Q

what does the somatosensory cortex process

A

input from sensory receptors in the body that are sensitive to touch

detects sensory events arising from different regions of the body

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14
Q

where is the somatosensory cortex located

A

in the front of the parietal lobe in the postcentral gyrus region

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15
Q

using sensory info from the skin the somatosensory cortex produces sensations of ….

A

touch, pressure, pain, temperature which it then localises to specific body regions.

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16
Q

do both hemispheres have a somatosensory cortex

A

yes

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17
Q

the somatosensory cortex on one side of the brain receives …

A

sensory info from the opposite side of the body

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18
Q

the auditory centres are concerned with …

A

hearing
sound recognising allowing for appropriate response

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19
Q

where is the auditory cortex located

A

the temporal lobes on both sides of the brain

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20
Q

what is the auditory pathway ….

A

cochlea in inner ear
sound waves converted to nerve impulses
travel via auditory nerve to AC

21
Q

where is the visual cortex located

A

in the occipital lobe

22
Q

what is the visual pathway

A

retina
optic nerve
thalamus, relay to visual cortex

23
Q

does the visual cortex only span one hemisphere

A

no it spans both

24
Q

different areas of the visual cortex process different….

A

types of visual info eg colour, shape, movement

25
what are the 2 language centres called
brocas area wernicke's area
26
where is brocas area located
in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere
27
what does brocas area control
speech production damage=trouble producing speech
28
examples of what can damage brocas area
stroke, brain injury
29
what is telegraphic speech and damage to which language centre can cause it
it is when there grammar missing damage to brocas area
30
where is wernickes area located
located in posterior region of left temporal lobe
31
what is wernickes area important for
comprehension of language/processing spoken language
32
what connects brocas and wernickes areas together
arcuate fasciculus
33
what could damage to wernickes area cause
making up words or talking nonsense
34
a problem with pitch and volume could mean damage to wher
wernickes area not auditory complex
35
the motor region in .... area is located close to the ..
brocas area close to mouth, tongue, vocal cords
36
the sensory region in .... area is located close to ...
regions of the brain responsible for auditory and visual input, input from these areas is thought to be transferred to WA to be processed
37
support for LOF, case studies
supported by case studies when patients died researches performed pm and examined which parts of the brain were damaged, damage to specific brain areas consistently led to the same symptoms
38
limitations of the case study of patient Tan.
lacks generalisaibiltiy, he had damage to other areas of his brain too as discovered by dronkers
39
limitation of LOF counter arguement to case studies
dronkers re-examined the preserved brains using MRI and found that other parts of the brain were also damaged=multiple parts are responsible for symptoms eg brocas aphasia patients had damage to other areas=isnt localised= language production may require more than one area.
40
How did doctors first study localisation of function?
case studies and post mortem examinations
41
From what we know so far, if someone struggles to understand written words, which brain region is likely to have been damaged?
wernickes area
42
limitation of LOF (ignored communication)
ignores importance of communication between areas, although areas have specialisms they are interdependent for complex tasks (eg lang, read, move) derjenie found readingX=damage between visual and WA
43
limitation of LOF (individual differences)
Bavelier found that different people use slightly different parts of their brains to do the same functions.
44
what is contralateral organisation
Contralateral organisation is when the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body.
45
what skills are both hemispheres involved in
vision hearing smelling movement touch taste
46
what skills are contralaterally organised
movement, touch and vision
47
how do the left and right hemispheres communicate
The right and left hemispheres communicate by sending nerve impulses to each other using the corpus callosum.
48
what is the corpus callosum
a bundle of axons that connect the hemispheres .
49