brain localisation

Question 1

what is the localisation of function? the belief that specific …

Answer 1

the belief that specific areas of the brain are associated with specific functions
eg language, memory

Different parts of the brain perform different functions. Functions are specific to individual parts of the brain.

also known as cortical specialisation

Question 2

what does hemispheric lateralisation refer to? the fact that the 2 ….

Answer 2

the idea that the 2 halves of the brain are not the same, each has its own functional specialisms, the 2 hemispheres perform different functions

lateralisation- some mental processes are specialised to the r/l side

Question 3

which hemisphere is responsible for visual and spatial tasks

Answer 3

the right

Question 4

what connects the left and right hemisphere

Answer 4

the corpus callosum

Question 5

which hemisphere is responsible for speech and language tasks

Answer 5

left

Language skills are hemispherically lateralised to the left hemisphere

Question 6

SPATIAL skills are hemispherically lateralised to the RIGHT hemisphere and performed in the right hemisphere only, true or false

Answer 6

true

Question 7

what is the motor cortex responsible for

Answer 7

generation of voluntary motor movements

Question 8

where is the motor cortex located which lobe

Answer 8

back of the frontal lobe in a region known as precentral gyrus

Question 9

do both hemispheres of the brain have a motor cortex

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

the motor cortex on one side of the brain controls….

Answer 10

the muscles on the opposite side of the body

Question 11

different parts of the motor cortex exert control over different …..

Answer 11

parts of the body and they are arranged logically
eg the region that controls the foot is next to the region that controls the leg

Question 12

what are the 4 different cortexes i need to know

Answer 12

motor, somatosensory, visual centres-cortex, auditory centres- cortex

Question 13

what does the somatosensory cortex process

Answer 13

input from sensory receptors in the body that are sensitive to touch

detects sensory events arising from different regions of the body

Question 14

where is the somatosensory cortex located

Answer 14

in the front of the parietal lobe in the postcentral gyrus region

Question 15

using sensory info from the skin the somatosensory cortex produces sensations of ….

Answer 15

touch, pressure, pain, temperature which it then localises to specific body regions.

Question 16

do both hemispheres have a somatosensory cortex

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

the somatosensory cortex on one side of the brain receives …

Answer 17

sensory info from the opposite side of the body

Question 18

the auditory centres are concerned with …

Answer 18

hearing
sound recognising allowing for appropriate response

Question 19

where is the auditory cortex located

Answer 19

the temporal lobes on both sides of the brain

Question 20

what is the auditory pathway ….

Answer 20

cochlea in inner ear
sound waves converted to nerve impulses
travel via auditory nerve to AC

Question 21

where is the visual cortex located

Answer 21

in the occipital lobe

Question 22

what is the visual pathway

Answer 22

retina
optic nerve
thalamus, relay to visual cortex

Question 23

does the visual cortex only span one hemisphere

Answer 23

no it spans both

Question 24

different areas of the visual cortex process different….

Answer 24

types of visual info eg colour, shape, movement

Question 25

what are the 2 language centres called

Answer 25

brocas area wernicke's area

Question 26

where is brocas area located

Answer 26

in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere

Question 27

what does brocas area control

Answer 27

speech production damage=trouble producing speech

Question 28

examples of what can damage brocas area

Answer 28

stroke, brain injury

Question 29

what is telegraphic speech and damage to which language centre can cause it

Answer 29

it is when there grammar missing damage to brocas area

Question 30

where is wernickes area located

Answer 30

located in posterior region of left temporal lobe

Question 31

what is wernickes area important for

Answer 31

comprehension of language/processing spoken language

Question 32

what connects brocas and wernickes areas together

Answer 32

arcuate fasciculus

Question 33

what could damage to wernickes area cause

Answer 33

making up words or talking nonsense

Question 34

a problem with pitch and volume could mean damage to wher

Answer 34

wernickes area not auditory complex

Question 35

the motor region in .... area is located close to the ..

Answer 35

brocas area close to mouth, tongue, vocal cords

Question 36

the sensory region in .... area is located close to ...

Answer 36

regions of the brain responsible for auditory and visual input, input from these areas is thought to be transferred to WA to be processed

Question 37

support for LOF, case studies

Answer 37

supported by case studies when patients died researches performed pm and examined which parts of the brain were damaged, damage to specific brain areas consistently led to the same symptoms

Question 38

limitations of the case study of patient Tan.

Answer 38

lacks generalisaibiltiy, he had damage to other areas of his brain too as discovered by dronkers

Question 39

limitation of LOF counter arguement to case studies

Answer 39

dronkers re-examined the preserved brains using MRI and found that other parts of the brain were also damaged=multiple parts are responsible for symptoms eg brocas aphasia patients had damage to other areas=isnt localised= language production may require more than one area.

Question 40

How did doctors first study localisation of function?

Answer 40

case studies and post mortem examinations

Question 41

From what we know so far, if someone struggles to understand written words, which brain region is likely to have been damaged?

Answer 41

wernickes area

Question 42

limitation of LOF (ignored communication)

Answer 42

ignores importance of communication between areas, although areas have specialisms they are interdependent for complex tasks (eg lang, read, move) derjenie found readingX=damage between visual and WA

Question 43

limitation of LOF (individual differences)

Answer 43

Bavelier found that different people use slightly different parts of their brains to do the same functions.

Question 44

what is contralateral organisation

Answer 44

Contralateral organisation is when the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body.

Question 45

what skills are both hemispheres involved in

Answer 45

vision hearing smelling movement touch taste

Question 46

what skills are contralaterally organised

Answer 46

movement, touch and vision

Question 47

how do the left and right hemispheres communicate

Answer 47

The right and left hemispheres communicate by sending nerve impulses to each other using the corpus callosum.

Question 48

what is the corpus callosum

Answer 48

a bundle of axons that connect the hemispheres .