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alevel psychology aqa > brain localisation > Flashcards

brain localisation Flashcards

localisation of function and hemispheric lateralisation and split brain research

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1
Q

what is the localisation of function? the belief that specific …

A

the belief that specific areas of the brain are associated with specific functions
eg language, memory

Different parts of the brain perform different functions. Functions are specific to individual parts of the brain.

also known as cortical specialisation

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2
Q

what does hemispheric lateralisation refer to? the fact that the 2 ….

A

the idea that the 2 halves of the brain are not the same, each has its own functional specialisms, the 2 hemispheres perform different functions

lateralisation- some mental processes are specialised to the r/l side

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3
Q

which hemisphere is responsible for visual and spatial tasks

A

the right

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4
Q

what connects the left and right hemisphere

A

the corpus callosum

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5
Q

which hemisphere is responsible for speech and language tasks

A

left

Language skills are hemispherically lateralised to the left hemisphere

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6
Q

SPATIAL skills are hemispherically lateralised to the RIGHT hemisphere and performed in the right hemisphere only, true or false

A

true

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7
Q

what is the motor cortex responsible for

A

generation of voluntary motor movements

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8
Q

where is the motor cortex located which lobe

A

back of the frontal lobe in a region known as precentral gyrus

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9
Q

do both hemispheres of the brain have a motor cortex

A

yes

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10
Q

the motor cortex on one side of the brain controls….

A

the muscles on the opposite side of the body

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11
Q

different parts of the motor cortex exert control over different …..

A

parts of the body and they are arranged logically
eg the region that controls the foot is next to the region that controls the leg

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12
Q

what are the 4 different cortexes i need to know

A

motor, somatosensory, visual centres-cortex, auditory centres- cortex

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13
Q

what does the somatosensory cortex process

A

input from sensory receptors in the body that are sensitive to touch

detects sensory events arising from different regions of the body

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14
Q

where is the somatosensory cortex located

A

in the front of the parietal lobe in the postcentral gyrus region

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15
Q

using sensory info from the skin the somatosensory cortex produces sensations of ….

A

touch, pressure, pain, temperature which it then localises to specific body regions.

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16
Q

do both hemispheres have a somatosensory cortex

A

yes

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17
Q

the somatosensory cortex on one side of the brain receives …

A

sensory info from the opposite side of the body

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18
Q

the auditory centres are concerned with …

A

hearing
sound recognising allowing for appropriate response

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19
Q

where is the auditory cortex located

A

the temporal lobes on both sides of the brain

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20
Q

what is the auditory pathway ….

A

cochlea in inner ear
sound waves converted to nerve impulses
travel via auditory nerve to AC

21
Q

where is the visual cortex located

A

in the occipital lobe

22
Q

what is the visual pathway

A

retina
optic nerve
thalamus, relay to visual cortex

23
Q

does the visual cortex only span one hemisphere

A

no it spans both

24
Q

different areas of the visual cortex process different….

A

types of visual info eg colour, shape, movement

25
Q

what are the 2 language centres called

A

brocas area
wernicke’s area

26
Q

where is brocas area located

A

in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere

27
Q

what does brocas area control

A

speech production

damage=trouble producing speech

28
Q

examples of what can damage brocas area

A

stroke, brain injury

29
Q

what is telegraphic speech and damage to which language centre can cause it

A

it is when there grammar missing
damage to brocas area

30
Q

where is wernickes area located

A

located in posterior region of left temporal lobe

31
Q

what is wernickes area important for

A

comprehension of language/processing spoken language

32
Q

what connects brocas and wernickes areas together

A

arcuate fasciculus

33
Q

what could damage to wernickes area cause

A

making up words or talking nonsense

34
Q

a problem with pitch and volume could mean damage to wher

A

wernickes area not auditory complex

35
Q

the motor region in …. area is located close to the ..

A

brocas area
close to mouth, tongue, vocal cords

36
Q

the sensory region in …. area is located close to …

A

regions of the brain responsible for auditory and visual input, input from these areas is thought to be transferred to WA to be processed

37
Q

support for LOF, case studies

A

supported by case studies
when patients died researches performed pm and examined which parts of the brain were damaged, damage to specific brain areas consistently led to the same symptoms

38
Q

limitations of the case study of patient Tan.

A

lacks generalisaibiltiy, he had damage to other areas of his brain too as discovered by dronkers

39
Q

limitation of LOF counter arguement to case studies

A

dronkers re-examined the preserved brains using MRI and found that other parts of the brain were also damaged=multiple parts are responsible for symptoms

eg brocas aphasia patients had damage to other areas=isnt localised= language production may require more than one area.

40
Q

How did doctors first study localisation of function?

A

case studies and post mortem examinations

41
Q

From what we know so far, if someone struggles to understand written words, which brain region is likely to have been damaged?

A

wernickes area

42
Q

limitation of LOF (ignored communication)

A

ignores importance of communication between areas, although areas have specialisms they are interdependent for complex tasks (eg lang, read, move)

derjenie found readingX=damage between visual and WA

43
Q

limitation of LOF (individual differences)

A

Bavelier found that different people use slightly different parts of their brains to do the same functions.

44
Q

what is contralateral organisation

A

Contralateral organisation is when the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body.

45
Q

what skills are both hemispheres involved in

A

vision
hearing
smelling
movement
touch
taste

46
Q

what skills are contralaterally organised

A

movement, touch and vision

47
Q

how do the left and right hemispheres communicate

A

The right and left hemispheres communicate by sending nerve impulses to each other using the corpus callosum.

48
Q

what is the corpus callosum

A

a bundle of axons that connect the hemispheres .

49
Q
A

alevel psychology aqa (38 decks)

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