biological rhythms

Question 1

what are biological rhythms

Answer 1

cyclical changes in the way that biological systems behave

Question 2

what are all biological rhythms governed by

Answer 2

endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers

Question 3

what are the 3 biological rhythms

Answer 3

circadian
ultradian
infradian

Question 4

how long are circadian rhythms

Answer 4

about 24hrs

Question 5

how long are ultradian rhythms

Answer 5

less than 24hrs

Question 6

how long are infradian rhythms

Answer 6

more than 24hrs can be days, weeks, months, annual etc

Question 7

example of circadian rhythms

Answer 7

sleep-wake cycle
core body temperature
hormone production

they are all interrelated

Question 8

example of ultradian rhythms

Answer 8

the stages of sleep
basic rest activity cycle (brac) which is around 90mins

Question 9

example of infradian rhythms

Answer 9

female menstrual cycle (monthly rhythm)

Question 10

what are endogenous pacemakers

Answer 10

the internal body clock which regulates biological rhythms eg effects of suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 11

what are exogenous zeitgebers

Answer 11

external/environmental cues that entrain our biological rhythms eg light which confuses the SCN

Question 12

what does entrain mean

Answer 12

to determine or to modify

Question 13

what is photoentrainment

Answer 13

when light provides input to the body clock

Question 14

what do light sensitive cells in the eyes detect and what do they do

Answer 14

detect brightness and send messages to SCN

Question 14

what does the SCN do with the info sent from brightness receptors

Answer 14

uses that info to coordinate activity of the circadian system

Question 14

where is the SCN located

Answer 14

in the hypothalamus

Question 15

according to the sleep wake cycle what time do we wake up

Answer 15

around 7am

Question 16

according to the sleep wake cycle what time do we feel most alert

Answer 16

around 11am

Question 17

according to the sleep wake cycle what time do we have a dip in alertness

Answer 17

in the afternoon

Question 18

according to the sleep wake cycle what time do we got to sleep

Answer 18

around 11pm

Question 19

according to the sleep wake cycle what time do we feel least alert

Answer 19

around 2am

Question 20

what is the circadian rhythm for hormones

Answer 20

hormone release at similar times each day

Question 21

what is the circadian rhythm for body temperature

Answer 21

body temp rising in the evening and falling during the night

Question 22

Explain how the sleep-wake cycle follows a circadian rhythm?

Answer 22

A circadian rhythm is a biological rhythm that lasts for 24 hours.

Each day we all have a time when our body naturally wakes up, we have a burst in energy during mid-morning, we have a slump in energy during the afternoon, we fall asleep at a similar time in the evening and we are at our lowest alertness around 2am
then the cycle starts again and repeats for the next day. Therefore, we all have a sleep/wake cycle that repeats every
24 hours.

Question 23

when is our body temperature at its lowest

Answer 23

around 4am

Question 24

when is our body temperature at its highest

Answer 24

around 6pm

Question 25

what is chronotherapeutics

Answer 25

Chronotherapeutics allows people to take drugs which then aren’t effective until necessary, hours later.

A Chronotherapeutics was developed using knowledge of the circadian rhythm.

Question 26

what does chronotherapeutics assume about people

Answer 26

that they all have the same circadian rhythm sleep wake cycle

Question 27

what type of study did duffy conduct

Answer 27

controlled observation