biological rhythms Flashcards

Question

when is our body temperature at its lowest

Answer 1

around 4am

Answer 2

around 6pm

Answer 3

Chronotherapeutics allows people to take drugs which then aren’t effective until necessary, hours later. A Chronotherapeutics was developed using knowledge of the circadian rhythm.

Answer 4

that they all have the same circadian rhythm sleep wake cycle

Answer 5

controlled observation

Answer 6

She studied differences in people’s sleep/wake cycles for a month. she conducted a controlled observation looking into people’s sleep/wake cycles for a month.

Answer 7

She found that other circadian rhythms like body temperature synchronised with people’s sleep/wake cycle. She found two types of people: “morning people” who go to bed earlier and wake up earlier, and “evening people” who go to bed later and wake up later. She found individual differences in people’s circadian rhythms.

Answer 8

hronotherapeutics uses the knowledge of circadian rhythms to adjust the timing of drug activity. It means that the action of drugs can be delayed until the time of day when they would be most effective. For Meera, the drug needs to start working around the time she wakes up in the morning. That means that by using chronotherapeutics, Meera can take the drug at night before she goes to bed, and the drugs action will be delayed until the early hours of the morning.

Answer 9

We are just starting to fall asleep and can be easily woken up. (1) our heart rate starts to slow down and our temperature starts to drop. (2) We fall into a deeper and deeper sleep.(3+4) Our eyes move rapidly and our brain is active. (REM)

Answer 10

It is an ultradian rhythm of alertness. cycle lasts 90 minutes. It helps to explain why professional musicians and athletes break up their practice into short segments.

Answer 11

controlled observation

Answer 12

Tucker et al. conducted a controlled observation into people’s stages of sleep. Tucker et al. found that there were individual differences in the amount of time people spent in each sleep stage. Tucker et al. found that the biggest individual difference in amount spent in different sleep stages was during deep sleep. The study showed that ultradian rhythms can vary between different people.

Answer 13

There are 5 stages to the sleep cycle. The first four stages are called Stage 1 , Stage 2 , Stage 3 , and Stage 4. The final stage is called rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Stages 1 and 2 are relatively light stages of sleep, they will be the stages of sleep Liyana is in when she is easily awoken. During stage 2 , the heart rate and body temperature starts to drop. Stage 3 and Stage 4 are the deepest levels of sleep. This is when Liyana would not be awoken easily and does not notice when someone walks in the room. Finally, REM sleep is a further deep stage of sleep, however this one is characterised by an active brain and rapid eye movements. REM is also the stage most commonly associated with dreaming. We cycle through the 5 sleep stages on average every 90 minutes.

Answer 14

Tucker et al. found that the largest differences in time spent in a sleep stage were for stages 3 and 4. Tucker et al. found there were large individual differences in the amount of time people spent in each stage of sleep.

Answer 15

The difference between infradian and ultradian rhythms is the duration of the rhythms, in that infradian rhythms are more than 24 hours (e.g. the menstrual cycle) whereas ultradian rhythms are less than 24 hours (e.g. stages of sleep).

Answer 16

tucker suggests they are biologically determined and may be genetic in origin ps studied over 11 days and nights, in lab conditions, assessed; sleep duration, time to fall asleep, amount of time in each sleep stage. found large IDs in each characteristics which were consistent across the 8 nights. IDs were particularly signif for deep sleep stages 3+4 therefore differences between ps were not driven by circumstances but were at least partially bio determined and shows support that ultradian rhythms can vary between people

Answer 17

they studied a group of elite violinists that had practice sessions limited to 90mins, this supports Kleitmans claim that fatigue was a characteristic of the end of the bRAC, ericsson also found that violinists often take naps to recover from practice, the best napping more than their teachers this was also found for other elites: athletes, chess players, writers