psychodynamic approach

Question 1

who was it developed by

Answer 1

sigmund freud

Question 2

what is the fundamental belief

Answer 2

all behaviour is driven by unconscious drives that operate in the mind

Question 3

what does it emphasise

Answer 3

the importance of early childhood experience in shaping behaviour

Question 4

it says that- mental disorders can only be resolved by….

Answer 4

accessing the unconscious part of the mind and bringing repressed memories into the conscious awareness through psychoanalysis

Question 5

where does the dynamic come from

Answer 5

as the individual is seen as constantly changing as they develop

Question 6

what is the iceberg analogy

Answer 6

the belief that minimal amount of material in our minds available for conscious awareness (the tip of the iceberg) and most of our mind is unconscious (under the water)

Question 7

unconscious material…..

Answer 7

drives behaviour

Question 8

what is the freudian slip

Answer 8

when these unconscious behaviours are revealed

Question 9

how can a repressed memory cause a mental disorder

Answer 9

painful memories may be repressed in the unconscious and prevented from entering the conscious awareness as a protective mechanism but this creates anxiety which may manifest itself in behaviour such as a mental disorder.

Question 10

the unconscious may involve what sort of behaviours

Answer 10

anxieties, fears, bad memories, things that might be considered unacceptable

Question 11

what is the id

Answer 11

an innate part of the brain known as the pleasure principal which is selfish and impulsive and contains our basic instincs such as hunger and libido which require immediate gratification

Question 12

what is the ego

Answer 12

it balances the demands of the id and the superego comprimising between the impulsive and selfish demands of the id and the moral conscious of the superego, it is reality principal and tries to reduce conflict, it develops around age 2

Question 13

what is the superego

Answer 13

our moral guide which tells us whats right and whats wrong, it gives us feelings of guilt and a conscience, it develops through socialisation and parental guidance, it is the morality principal, starts developing around 4/5 at the end of the phallic stage and it thinks of others not self

Question 14

what are defence mechanisms

Answer 14

they are dispatched by the ego when it struggles to balance the superego and the id, can be triggered when an individual is unable to cope or deal with a stressful or traumatic situation

Question 15

defence mechanisms act as a way of….

Answer 15

distorting reality so that the individual doesnt have to think about the trauma, this all happens on an unconscious level so the individual is unaware

Question 16

what is repression

Answer 16

an unconscious mechanism employed by the ego to keep disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious

Question 17

what is denial

Answer 17

it involves blocking external events from awareness so that some aspect of reality is not acknowledged

Question 18

what is displacement

Answer 18

satisfying an impulse with a substitute object, when feelings from a distressing emotion are tranferred from the actual source of distress onto a non threathening other

Question 19

eg of repression

Answer 19

during the oedipus complex aggressive thoughts about the same sex parents are repressed

Question 20

eg of denial

Answer 20

smokers may refuse that smoking is bad for their health, alcoholics also

Question 21

eg of displacement

Answer 21

someone who is frustrated by their boss at work may go home and kick their dog.

a person who is bullied at school might go home and be mean to their younger sibling

Question 22

what are freuds psychosexual stages of development

Answer 22

oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital

Question 23

age for the oral stage

Answer 23

birth to 18months

Question 24

age for the anal stage

Answer 24

1 to 3 years

Question 25

age for the phallic stage

Answer 25

3-5/6 years

Question 26

age for the latency stage

Answer 26

5/6 to puberty

Question 27

age for the genital stage

Answer 27

10-12/puberty +

Question 28

what are the adult traits associated with problems in the oral stage

Answer 28

dependency, optimism, aggression, pessimism

Question 29

what are the adult traits associted with problems in the anal stage

Answer 29

excessive cleanliness, stinginess, messiness, reblliousness, orderliness, destructivness

control freak or opposite

Question 30

what are the adult traits associated with problems in the phallic stage

Answer 30

flirtatiouness, pride, chastity, vanity

Question 31

what are the conflicts/experiences at the oral stage

Answer 31

weaning, oral gratification from sucking, eating biting

Question 32

what are the conflicts/experiences at the anal stage

Answer 32

toilet training
gratification from expelling and withholding faeces- their first level of control

Question 33

what are the conflicts/experiences at the phallic stage

Answer 33

sexual curiosity
masturbation
oedipal conflict/oedipus complex for boys
later the electra complex for girls

Question 34

what are the conflicts/experiences in the latency stage

Answer 34

period of sexual calm, interest in school, hobbies and same sex friends

Question 35

what are the conflicts/experiences in the genital stage

Answer 35

revival of sexual interests and establishment of mature sexual in relationships

Question 36

what is resolution

Answer 36

when you pass through a stage

Question 37

failure to pass through a stage results in

Answer 37

fixation so that when the child becomes an adult they will have the characteristics typical of that stage

Question 38

failure

Answer 38

is trauma at any stage eg failure to identify with same sex parent