extraneous variables

Question 1

f the results of a study are consistent everytime the study is repeated, we say that the study is…

Answer 1

reliable

Question 2

When a study measures what it claims to measure, we say that it is…

Answer 2

valid

Question 3

what are the 3 types of extraneous variables

Answer 3

participant variables
investigator effects
situational variables

Question 4

what are participant variables

Answer 4

personal characteristics of the participants that make them different to other participants

eg gender of the participant

Question 5

instead of researcher say

Answer 5

investigator

Question 6

what are investigator effects/when do they happen

Answer 6

how the personal characteristics/says or does of the investigator/researcher alter the participants behaviour
Investigator effects in a study can occur when the researcher influences the behaviour of the participants, which then affect the results of the study.

Question 7

investigator effects can also be caused by

Answer 7

researcher expectations

Question 8

how can reseacher expectations cause investigator effects

Answer 8

if a researcher expects the ps to behave in a certain way, they could ask them questions to illicit that behaviour, this might be different from what the ps behaviour wouldve been before and therefore it has been changed due to investigator effects

eg rate your … from 1-10 changes to how much better….

Question 9

investigator effects can also be called

Answer 9

experimenter variables

Question 10

what are situational variables

Answer 10

anything external to the participants and researcher that could affect the behaviour of the participants/features of the external environment

Question 11

the noisyness of the testing room is a ….

Answer 11

situational variable

Question 12

the age of the researcher is a …..

Answer 12

investigator effect

Question 13

demand charateristics can be a form of….

Answer 13

situational variable or investigator (extraneous variable)

Question 14

what are demand characteristics

Answer 14

Situational variables or investigator effects that act as hints that enable participants to guess the aim of the study.

Question 15

what are the 2 ways ps can respond to demand characteristics

Answer 15

they can behave the way they think theyre supposed to behave or they can behave the opposite to how they think they should behave

Question 16

What happens to the validity of a study when extraneous variables are not controlled?

Answer 16

it decreases because the study is no longer investigating the original iv

Question 17

how can uncontrolled extraneous variables affect reliability

Answer 17

they can decrease reliability because there can be variation in extraneuous variables and so the exp would be carried out in a different condition unwillingly

Question 18

what is one way of controlling extraneous variables

Answer 18

standardisation

Question 19

what is standardisation

Answer 19

when researchers make an extraneous variable the same for all participants, so that validity and reliability increase controlling variables

Question 20

what type of extraneous variables can be standardised

Answer 20

situational variables and investigator effects

Question 21

what type of extraneous variable cant be standardised and why

Answer 21

participant variables because the researcher cannot change a participants personal characteristics

Question 22

how does standardisation affect the reliability and validity of a study

Answer 22

it increases them both