behaviourist approach Flashcards
what is the fundamental belief of behaviourists
that all behaviour is learned and it is learned through classical and operant conditioning. therefore behaviour is not innate
what is the main methodology for the behaviourist approach
experimental/scientific method is the favourable research method and commonly lab exp
what else is KEY about the behaviourist approach
they generalise findings from animals to humans
it is on observable behaviour only so not what we think and feel
what is CC based on
based on natural reflex responses that occur involuntarily when certain stimuli are present eg salivating to the smell of food
what were the dogs able to learn to do
associate the sound of the bell with the time of feeding/salivate to the sound of a bell
explain what happens during the acquisition phase
the ns and the ucs are repeatedly paired so that the dogs learn to associate the the bell with the food
why is timing important in CC
ns and ucs need to be paired together for cr to be learned, association wont happen
what is meant by extinction in cc
cr is not permanently established and will disappear over time if not presented with ucs often
what is meant by stimulus generalised in cc
pavlov found that dogs would respond to stimuli that was similar to CS
what is meant by spontaneous recovery
after extinction if cs and ucs are once again presented together the association between them is made more quickly
for pavolovs dogs what is the UCS
food
for PD what is the UCR
salivation
for PD what is the NS
bell
for PD what is the UCR
salivationf
for PD what is the CS
bell
for PD what is the CR
salivation
strength of cc exps: it can lead to the development of treatments that will ….
explained eg
development of treatments that decrease anxiety associated with various phobias.
eg systematic desensitisation which eliminates the learned anxious response (CR) that is associated with the fear (CS)
the anxiety here is replaced with eg relaxation.
as a result no longer anxious in presence of stimulus
eg effective for arachnophobia
limitation of cc exps: animal research indicates that different species show different ways of ….
exp eg for dog
different species have different ways of learning SO rel between CS and UCS can be more difficult to establish for some species than others
eg varied due to preparedness, animals could be more prepared to learn if significant for survival
eg for a dog its easier to learn association between smell of meat and presence of food than sound of bell with food, because of the innate nature
strength of oc exp: skinner relied on the experimental method …
exp eg
which had controlled conditions to discover c+e rel between 2+ variables
eg skinners box
iv (manipulating consequences of behaviour) ALLOWED >
dv (accurately measure effects on rats behaviour)
SO c+e rel between consequences of a behaviour (+/-) and the future frequency of its occurrence
