the origins for psychology Flashcards
what is empiricism
the belief that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience and so it is not innate. generally characterised by the use of scientific method in psychology
wundt is known as what… and why??
he moved from …. to …
the father of psychology because he moved from philosophical roots to controlled research
wundt set up the first ….. and it was in …. in germany in the 1870s
first psychology laboratory in Liepzig, Germany in 1870s
wundts legacy: he paved the way for later ….. an the study of mental process by eg …
later controlled research, cogntive psychologists
what is introspection
the process of gaining knowledge about your own mental and emotional state as a result of self examination or observation of their conscious thoughts or feelings. self examination of emotions
ms: Investigating internal events by examining
conscious thoughts and feelings, reporting present experience. systematic analysis of own conscious experience of a stimulus.
what is the scientific method
methods that are …. (3 things) and then what based on ^^
the use of investigative methods that are objective, systematic, replicable and the formation of testing and modification of a hypothesis based on these methods
what is structualism
the approach of breaking things down in order to stify the whole picture ie behaviour into basic elements.
what is the methodology of structuralism
introspection
what is wundt’s approach
structuralism
what is meant by the criticism that wundts results were not reliably reproduced by other researchers
introspective “experimental”results were not reliably reproduced by other researchers in other labs because participants were reporting on unobservable constructions.
how does nissbet and wilsons findings challenge introspective reports
implicit attitudes …
because implicit attitudes exist outside of conscious awareness and therefore would not be covered in introspection
how has the introspective technique been used more recently
when making happiness a measurable phenomenon participanst were asked at random times about their emotions
one limitation of the scientific approach
you cant measure … because it is
some psychologists belivet that you cant measure human behaviour as it is unobservable
one strength of the scientific approach
can establish…
they can establish the cause of behaviour through the use of methods that are both empirical and replicable
does the scientific method have low or high EV
and why??
low due to highly controlled lab experiements
limitation of wundt- reliability
when patients came back to be revaluated their results were not consistent with before, lack of consistency = not reliable
lack of test-re-test reliability
limitation of wundt- introspection
also there may have been
he did not directly … and so ..
he did not directly observe so no empirical evidence = less scientific
also social desireability biased and not reliable
millie said: introspection is thinking about our own thoughts
Explain what else Millie could have said about the major features of introspection so that
her classmates would be better informed. (4)
- Focus on being objective
- Reflection on sensations, feelings and images
- Wundt would ask people to focus on an everyday object and look inwards noticing
sensations and feelings and images - Breaking thoughts about an object down into separate elements
- Systematic reporting of an experience of object
- Specific examples eg use of metronome
