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alevel psychology aqa > the endocrine system and the fight or flight response > Flashcards

the endocrine system and the fight or flight response Flashcards

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1
Q

hormones are small ….. that are released into the …

A

chemicals

bloodstream

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2
Q

what are glands

A

clumps of cells that communicate by releasing hormones into the bloodstream

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3
Q

glands in the brain however communicate through

A

neurotransmitters

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4
Q

glands in the brain receive electrical signals from neurons but dont …..

A

send electrical signals themselves, they release hormones into the blood stream (neurotransmitters)

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5
Q

2 differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system

A

cells in the ES cluster to make glands, cells in the NS are called neurons

ES communicates via glands through hormones in the bloodstream, NS communicates through electrical signals sent from one neuron to the nxt

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6
Q

where are the adrenal glands located

A

above the kidneys

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7
Q

the adrenal glands release hormones in response to …..

A

stress

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8
Q

what is the middle of the adrenal gland called

A

adrenal medulla

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9
Q

what is the outer bit of the adrenal gland called

A

the adrenal cortex

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10
Q

which hormone does the adrenal medulla release

A

adrenaline

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11
Q

which hormone does the adrenal cortex release

A

cortisol

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12
Q

where is the pituitary gland located

A

at the bottom of the brain

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13
Q

what does the pituitary gland control

A

the release of hormones from other glands in the bodu

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14
Q

what does pituitary gland release

A

ACTH

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15
Q

can the pituitary gland can receive electrical signals from other neurons in the brain.

A

yes

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16
Q

hormones are specific to…

A

the receptor on the target cell

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17
Q

hormones can target multiple target cells in the body if they have the same…

A

receptors

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18
Q

a ….. causes the gland to release hormones

A

stimulus

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19
Q

The endocrine system is the network of cells that communicate by releasing …. into the bloodstream

A

hormones

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20
Q

what is the fight or flight response

A

The fight or flight response is a bodily reaction that occurs in response to stress and potential danger.

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21
Q

what happens to the pupils during fofr

A

they dilate

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22
Q

what happens to sweat during fofr

A

it increases

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23
Q

what happens to muscle tension during the fofr

A

increases

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24
Q

what happens to br during fofr

A

it increases

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25
Q

what happens to hr during fofr

A

it increases

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26
Q

what happens to salivation during fofr

A

it decreases

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27
Q

what happens to digestion during fofr

A

decreases

28
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system

A

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls our internal organs.

29
Q

Which part of autonomic nervous system is used in the fight or flight responses?

A

sympathetic

30
Q

The fight or flight response results from the combined activity of two systems…..

A

the endocrine system and the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system

31
Q

the hypothalamus is part of which systems

A

the central nervous system and the endocrine system

32
Q

where is the hypothalamus located

A

above the pituitary gland and below the thalamus

33
Q

How does the hypothalamus receive information from the external world?

A

from sensory neurons in the somatic nervous system.

34
Q

Which system gives the hypothalamus signals about what’s going on in our own body (from internal organs)

A

The autonomic nervous system.

35
Q

describe the chain of communication involved in the fight or flight response via the hypothalamus.

A

signals from the autonomic and the somatic nervous system reach the hypothalamus

releasing hormones targeting the pituitary gland

releasing hormones that target other glands

36
Q

true or false: the hypothalamus also contains neurons

A

true

37
Q

To increase or decrease bodily activities, the hypothalamus sends electrical signals to the

A

autonomic nervous system

38
Q

The hypothalamus receives……… from the …… and the ……. and……. nervous systems when the body is in a ……. situation

A

The hypothalamus receives electrical signals from the brain and the somatic and autonomic nervous systems when the body is in a dangerous situation

39
Q

The hypothalamus controls ……. by sending ………. to the ……… ns

A

The hypothalamus controls bodily activities by sending electrical signals to the autonomic nervous system.

40
Q

true or false: The hypothalamus controls hormone release in the autonomic nervous system through the pituitary gland.

A

false

41
Q

true or false: The hypothalamus controls hormone release in the autonomic nervous system through the pituitary gland.

A

true

42
Q

Signals about threats in the outside world are detected by the…………… which are then processed in the …..

A

somatic nervous system

processed by the brain

43
Q

Signals about the activity of our internal organs are detected by the

A

autonomic nervous system

44
Q

To trigger the fight or flight response, the hypothalamus sends electrical signals to the ……….. which is part of the autonomic nervous system.

A

sympathetic ns

45
Q

the sympathetic ns stimulates the …….. (part of the adrenal gland) to release

A

adrenal medulla to release adrenaline

46
Q

true or false: The fight or flight response involves hormones sent from the hypothalamus to the sympathetic nervous system.

A

false

47
Q

true or false: The fight or flight involves electrical signalling between the hypothalamus and the sympathetic nervous system.

A

true

48
Q

the …… sends electrical signals to the …….. activating the ……to release ……….. which binds to target cells carrying out the fof response
(fast)

A

hypothalamus
sympathetic nervous system
adrenal medulla
adrenaline

49
Q

in the slow response the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to stimulate the ….

A

adrenal cortex

50
Q

what does the cortisol tell the target cells

A

to remain active

51
Q

in the slow response the ………. releases hormones to stimulate…….. releasing acth activating…….. which releases …….. which binds to target cell

A

hypothalamus
pituitary gland
adrenal cortex
cortisol

52
Q

the fast response uses which hormone

A

adrenaline

53
Q

the slow response uses which hormone

A

cortisol

54
Q

when does the slow response kick in

A

when we are in stressful situations that last more than a few seconds

55
Q

the slow the body down the hypothalamus sends electrical signals to the …..

A

parasympathetic nervous system

56
Q

What happens in the body when stress is removed: the hypothalamus activates the …..
bodily activities …..
the …. and …. response happens

A

parasynpathetic nervous system
bodily activities increase
rest and digest

57
Q

does the rest and digest response have similar or opposite effect to the fofr

A

opposite

57
Q

Which division(s) of the nervous system is activated when the body is slowing down after a fight or flight response? (3)

A

autonomic ns
parasympathetic ns
peripheral ns (tells the limbs to move/respond to stimuli)

58
Q

during the radr do bodily activites increase or decrease

A

decrease

59
Q

the radr occurs when the hypothalamus sends….. to the ….. ns

A

electrical signals to the parasympathetic ns

60
Q

one limitation of the fofr is that most of the research carried out has involved …..

A

male participants

61
Q

Why is using male, not female, participants a problem when studying the fight or flight response? (3)

A

lacks population validity
we cant be sure that the findings generalise to women
we cant be sure that women react the same way to mean when theyre put under stress

62
Q

one limitation to the fofr is that there are ……… to peoples responses to danger

A

individual differences to danger

63
Q

explain why individual differences is a limitation to the fofr

A

some people have a freeze response (neither fight or flight), paralyzed by fear, cannot be explained by fofr which makes our body more active

64
Q

how useful the fight or flight response is in our everyday lives?

A

Due to frequent, small, stressors in our lives, our fight or flight response can become over-activated, which can be harmful to our health.

In our everyday lives our fight or flight response isn’t always very useful when we deal with frequent, small, non-life threatening stressors.

65
Q
A
66
Q
A

alevel psychology aqa (38 decks)

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