the endocrine system and the fight or flight response Flashcards
hormones are small ….. that are released into the …
chemicals
bloodstream
what are glands
clumps of cells that communicate by releasing hormones into the bloodstream
glands in the brain however communicate through
neurotransmitters
glands in the brain receive electrical signals from neurons but dont …..
send electrical signals themselves, they release hormones into the blood stream (neurotransmitters)
2 differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system
cells in the ES cluster to make glands, cells in the NS are called neurons
ES communicates via glands through hormones in the bloodstream, NS communicates through electrical signals sent from one neuron to the nxt
where are the adrenal glands located
above the kidneys
the adrenal glands release hormones in response to …..
stress
what is the middle of the adrenal gland called
adrenal medulla
what is the outer bit of the adrenal gland called
the adrenal cortex
which hormone does the adrenal medulla release
adrenaline
which hormone does the adrenal cortex release
cortisol
where is the pituitary gland located
at the bottom of the brain
what does the pituitary gland control
the release of hormones from other glands in the bodu
what does pituitary gland release
ACTH
can the pituitary gland can receive electrical signals from other neurons in the brain.
yes
hormones are specific to…
the receptor on the target cell
hormones can target multiple target cells in the body if they have the same…
receptors
a ….. causes the gland to release hormones
stimulus
The endocrine system is the network of cells that communicate by releasing …. into the bloodstream
hormones
what is the fight or flight response
The fight or flight response is a bodily reaction that occurs in response to stress and potential danger.
what happens to the pupils during fofr
they dilate
what happens to sweat during fofr
it increases
what happens to muscle tension during the fofr
increases
what happens to br during fofr
it increases
what happens to hr during fofr
it increases
what happens to salivation during fofr
it decreases
what happens to digestion during fofr
decreases
what is the autonomic nervous system
The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls our internal organs.
Which part of autonomic nervous system is used in the fight or flight responses?
sympathetic
The fight or flight response results from the combined activity of two systems…..
the endocrine system and the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system
the hypothalamus is part of which systems
the central nervous system and the endocrine system
where is the hypothalamus located
above the pituitary gland and below the thalamus
How does the hypothalamus receive information from the external world?
from sensory neurons in the somatic nervous system.
Which system gives the hypothalamus signals about what’s going on in our own body (from internal organs)
The autonomic nervous system.
describe the chain of communication involved in the fight or flight response via the hypothalamus.
signals from the autonomic and the somatic nervous system reach the hypothalamus
releasing hormones targeting the pituitary gland
releasing hormones that target other glands
true or false: the hypothalamus also contains neurons
true
To increase or decrease bodily activities, the hypothalamus sends electrical signals to the
autonomic nervous system
The hypothalamus receives……… from the …… and the ……. and……. nervous systems when the body is in a ……. situation
The hypothalamus receives electrical signals from the brain and the somatic and autonomic nervous systems when the body is in a dangerous situation
The hypothalamus controls ……. by sending ………. to the ……… ns
The hypothalamus controls bodily activities by sending electrical signals to the autonomic nervous system.
true or false: The hypothalamus controls hormone release in the autonomic nervous system through the pituitary gland.
false
true or false: The hypothalamus controls hormone release in the autonomic nervous system through the pituitary gland.
true
Signals about threats in the outside world are detected by the…………… which are then processed in the …..
somatic nervous system
processed by the brain
Signals about the activity of our internal organs are detected by the
autonomic nervous system
To trigger the fight or flight response, the hypothalamus sends electrical signals to the ……….. which is part of the autonomic nervous system.
sympathetic ns
the sympathetic ns stimulates the …….. (part of the adrenal gland) to release
adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
true or false: The fight or flight response involves hormones sent from the hypothalamus to the sympathetic nervous system.
false
true or false: The fight or flight involves electrical signalling between the hypothalamus and the sympathetic nervous system.
true
the …… sends electrical signals to the …….. activating the ……to release ……….. which binds to target cells carrying out the fof response
(fast)
hypothalamus
sympathetic nervous system
adrenal medulla
adrenaline
in the slow response the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to stimulate the ….
adrenal cortex
what does the cortisol tell the target cells
to remain active
in the slow response the ………. releases hormones to stimulate…….. releasing acth activating…….. which releases …….. which binds to target cell
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
adrenal cortex
cortisol
the fast response uses which hormone
adrenaline
the slow response uses which hormone
cortisol
when does the slow response kick in
when we are in stressful situations that last more than a few seconds
the slow the body down the hypothalamus sends electrical signals to the …..
parasympathetic nervous system
What happens in the body when stress is removed: the hypothalamus activates the …..
bodily activities …..
the …. and …. response happens
parasynpathetic nervous system
bodily activities increase
rest and digest
does the rest and digest response have similar or opposite effect to the fofr
opposite
Which division(s) of the nervous system is activated when the body is slowing down after a fight or flight response? (3)
autonomic ns
parasympathetic ns
peripheral ns (tells the limbs to move/respond to stimuli)
during the radr do bodily activites increase or decrease
decrease
the radr occurs when the hypothalamus sends….. to the ….. ns
electrical signals to the parasympathetic ns
one limitation of the fofr is that most of the research carried out has involved …..
male participants
Why is using male, not female, participants a problem when studying the fight or flight response? (3)
lacks population validity
we cant be sure that the findings generalise to women
we cant be sure that women react the same way to mean when theyre put under stress
one limitation to the fofr is that there are ……… to peoples responses to danger
individual differences to danger
explain why individual differences is a limitation to the fofr
some people have a freeze response (neither fight or flight), paralyzed by fear, cannot be explained by fofr which makes our body more active
how useful the fight or flight response is in our everyday lives?
Due to frequent, small, stressors in our lives, our fight or flight response can become over-activated, which can be harmful to our health.
In our everyday lives our fight or flight response isn’t always very useful when we deal with frequent, small, non-life threatening stressors.
use and example of a gland and hormone outline the function of the endocrine system, do not use the adrenal gland/adrenaline as your eg (4)
role is to regulate activity of cells and organs in the body by communicating chemical messages through the secretion of hormones into the bloodstream
eg anterior pituitary gland secretes fsh and lh (name) which oestrogen and progesterone
ians heart started to beat very fast and his mouth went dry. he slammed on the brakes and avoided hitting the branch, as he drove away it took some time for his hr to come back down to normal
outline the role of adrenaline in the f/f r. refer to ians experiences in your answer (6)
- the fight or flight response occurs in a stressful situation and causes adrenalin to be released from the adrenal medulla (and triggers the sympathetic action)
increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels; increasing rate of blood flow and raising blood pressure; increases blood to brain and skeletal muscle
activations of psns is decreased so reduction in nonessential bodily processes eg digestion and saliva production
preparing the body for action, fight or fight; increasing blood supply/oxygen, to skeletal muscle for physical action; increasing oxygen to brain for rapid response planning
as the stressful situation passes adrenalin levels return to normal and heart rate decreases (parasympathetic action).
AO2:
fear of hitting the branch triggered the flight or fight response(stressor)
adrenalin caused Ian’s heart rate to increase
* Ian’s mouth went dry because saliva production is inhibited
* Ian’s muscles tensed allowing him to respond rapidly and slam on his brakes
* when Ian realised that he was not going to hit the branch the fear passed, adrenalin levels fell and so did his heart rate.
